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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5040 OF 2014

SHIVASHAKTI SUGARS LIMITED …..APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
SHREE RENUKA SUGAR LIMITED & ORS. …..RESPONDENT(S)

W we T H
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5041 OF 2014
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5042 OF 2014
A N D
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5043 OF 2014

J U D G M E N T
A.K. SIKRI, J.

The Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 (for short, a ‘Act’) contains a supplies whereby certain industries mentioned in a First Schedule to a conspicuous Act are brought underneath a control of a Union Government. It mentions, vide Entry 25 of a First Schedule, “sugar industry” as well, to be ‘scheduled industry’. The outcome thereof is that by trait of Sections 11 and 12 of a Act, needed chartering is compulsory in honour of sugarine industry. Sugar is also one of a essential line lonesome by Essential Commodities Act, 1955. In honour of such essential commodities, Union Government is empowered to repair a prices of a product and also to umpire a chain and supply of such products. In practice of a powers conferred by Section 3 of a Essential Commodities Act, 1955, a Union Government promulgated a Sugarcane Control Order, 1966 which, inter alia, supposing for a smallest cost of sugarcane to be fixed, energy to umpire a chain and transformation of sugarcane and energy to emanate licenses to shaft crushers etc. Clause 11 provides that a Central Government competence nominee to a State Government or any Officer of a State to perform any of a functions of a Central Government.

2) The Government of India, intermittently released guidelines, underneath a Act, in honour of a sugarine attention by ‘press notes’. These press notes, inter alia, supposing that lincenses for new sugarine factories would be postulated theme to a smallest stretch requirement (which was sundry from time to time). A Press Note no. 16 antiquated Nov 08, 1991 supposing for a 25 km stretch that could however be loose to 15 km in honourable cases where shaft accessibility so justified. Clauses 2 and 3 are critical as they supposing that a simple criteria would be a accessibility of a shaft and a intensity for expansion of sugarcane. These clauses review as follows :

“Industrial Policy Highlights
EXHIBIT NO. 12
PRESS NOTE NO. 16[1991 SERIES]
GUIDELINES FOR LICENSING OF SUGAR
FACTORIES

A. A Government of India have reviewed a discipline for chartering of new and enlargement of existent sugarine factories released vide this Ministry’s Press Note No. 4[1990 Series] antiquated 23.7.1990. In sup-0ersession of a aforesaid Press Note, Government have formulated a following revised guidelines:

“1. New sugarine factories will continue
to be protected for a smallest economic
capacity of 2500 tones shaft vanquish per
day [TCD]. There will not be any
maximum extent on such capacity.
However, in area specified as industrially
backward areas by a Government of
India and approved by a Indian Council
of Agricultural Research to be
agro-climatically matched for development
of sugarcane, chartering of new sugar
factories in a associated and public
sectors would be authorised for an initial
capacity of 1750 TCD theme to the
condition that a units would expand
their ability to 2500 TCD within a
period of 5 years of going into
production.

2. Licenses for new sugarine factories will be
issued theme to a condition that the
distance between a due new sugar
factory and an existing/already licensed
sugar bureau should be 25 kms. This
distance pattern of 25 kms could, however
be loose to 15 kms in special cases, where
can accessibility so justifies.

3. The simple pattern for extend of licenses for
new sugarine units would be their viability,
mainly from a indicate of perspective of cane
availability and intensity for expansion of
sugarcane.

4. All new licenses wil be released with the
stipulation that shaft cost will be payable on
the basement of sucrose calm of sugarcane.

5. Other things being equal, gratification in
licensing will be given to proposals from the
co-operative section and a open sector, in
that order, as compared to a private sector.
In box some-more than on concentration is received
from any section of operation, priority will be
given to a concentration perceived earlier.

6. Priority will continue to be given to sugar
factories with ability reduction than 2500 TCD to
expand to a aforesaid smallest economic
capacity.

7. While extenuation licenses for new units
and enlargement projects, a additional
capacity to be combined adult to a finish of the
English Plan, i.e., 1996-97, will be kept in
view.

8. While extenuation licenses for new sugar
factories, industrial licenses in honour of
down-stream units for a use of molasses,
i.e., industrial alcohol, etc. will be given
readily.

B. Applications for licenses will be radically screened by
the Screening Committee of a Ministry of Food.
While deliberation such applications, a comments of
the State Government/Union Territory Administration
concerned would also be obtained. The State
Government/Union Territory Administration concerned
would also be obtained. The State Government/Union
Territory Administration would be compulsory to furnish
their comments within 3 months of a receipt of
communication from a Ministry of Food.

C. Applications for extend of industrial licenses for the
establishment of new sugarine factories as good as
expansion of existent units should be submitted
directly to a Secretariat for Industrial Approvals in
the Department of Industrial Development in Form IL
along with a prescribed cost of Rs. 2500/-. A duplicate of
the concentration competence also be sent to a Ministry of
Food.

D. The procession and guidelines, as given above, are
brought to be notice of a entrepreneurs for their
information and guidance.

———————————————————————–
No. 10[74]/91-LP New Delhi, a 8th November, 1991
Forwarded to Press Information Bureau for wide
publicity to a essence of a above Press Note.
SD/-
[S.BHAVANI]
DEPUTY SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF
INDIA
PRINCIPAL INFORMATION OFFICER, PRESS
INFORMATION BUREAU, SHASTRI BHAWAN, NEW
DELHI-110 001.”

This Press Note was nice from time to time by Press Notes antiquated Jan 10, 1996, Jun 15, 1998 and Aug 31, 1998.

3) Press Note-12 antiquated Aug 31, 1998 is of some aptitude in a benefaction case. This was a outcome of liberalization routine of a Central Government. After embarking on liberalization and globalization, in sequence to palliate a doing of business, a Government motionless to relax a control over several forms of industries. By a aforesaid Notification antiquated Aug 31, 1998, a Government exempted persons from holding licenses to set adult a sugarine factory. This was finished in practice of energy contained underneath Section 29(b) of a Act theme to a condition that a smallest stretch of 15 km would continue to be celebrated between an existent sugarine indent and a new mill. Pertinently, insofar as Sugarcane Control Order, 1966 is concerned, there was no sustenance of smallest stretch between a dual sugarine mills. For this reason, a aforesaid Press Notes were reason to be executive guidelines, not carrying orthodox sense by Allahabad High Court.

4) The appellant herein had finished an concentration for accede to settle a new sugarine factory. One, M/s. Raibagh Sahakari, that was in a same closeness where a appellant was seeking to settle a factory, gave a ‘no objection’ certificate to a appellant for substantiating a sugarine bureau in a year 1995. The concentration of a appellant was processed and a Government of India released a Letter of Intent (LOI) to a appellant on Jul 03, 1996 needing it to settle a sugarine bureau during Village Saundatti, Tehsil Raibagh, District Belgaum. This was finished before a new routine was announced vide Press Note-12 antiquated Aug 31, 1998, i.e., during a Licence Raj . After a aforesaid Press Note, there was model change in a proceed as no looseness was now compulsory and instead requirement was to record an Industrial Entrepreneurs Memoranda (IEM) only. Accordingly, customarily condition that was to be over by a appellant was that there was no sugarine bureau existent within a radius of 15 km from a appellant’s due site that was so stipulated in Press Note antiquated Aug 31 1988, i.e., by executive decision. On Jun 05, 2006, a Commissioner of Cane Development/Director of Sugar released a certificate to this outcome certifying that there was no such sugarine bureau within a radius of 15 km from a appellant’s site. After a distribution of this certificate, a appellant filed a IEM that was duly concurred by a Ministry of Commerce and Industries.

5) We competence indicate out, during this stage, that a benefaction brawl is about a existence of Raibagh Sahakari Factory, i.e., possibly it is within a radius of 15 km from a appellant’s bureau or not? Pertinently, on Jan 24, 2004, a Government of Karnataka had upheld an sequence of murder of Raibagh Sahakari in practice of a energy underneath Section 72 of a Karnataka Co-operative Societies Act, 1951. Certain developments took place qua Raibagh Sahakari thereafter. We would like to state those events and developments subsequently, nonetheless these events were holding place concurrently with a routine of sourroundings adult of a bureau by a appellant. It would be apposite to initial take note of a demeanour in that a appellant has set adult a bureau during a due site.

6) As forked out above, a appellant filed a IEM on Aug 08, 2006, upheld by a certificate released by a Cane Development Commissioner that there was no existent sugarine bureau within a radius of 15 km. Thereafter, on Oct 20, 2006, a Government of Karnataka postulated accede to a appellant for squeeze of rural lands for industrial functions in Raibagh Taluk in encampment Yadrav. Similar accede was postulated underneath Section 109(1) of a Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961. Similar accede underneath Section 109(1) on Nov 20, 2006 for land admeasuring a sum of 38 acres and 11 guntas for sourroundings adult a sugarine bureau in encampment Yadrav and Saundutti was also postulated by a Deputy Commissioner, Belgaum.

7) The Karnataka Udyog Mitra set adult underneath a Karnataka Industrial Facilitation Act, 2002 forwarded a offer to a Commissioner for Cane Development, for sourroundings adult a sugarine bureau by a appellant. It was placed before a State High Level Clearance Committee, mouth-watering comments from Commissioner.

8) On Nov 03, 2006, a Karnataka Udyog Mitra, behaving as a singular window for clearway of projects in a State invited comments from a Deputy Cane Commissioner with courtesy to specific consult numbers in villages Saundutti and Yadrav, describing a form of land that was compulsory to be sued. While this routine was on, another poignant expansion took place with that this box is directly concerned.

9) While a IEM of a appellant was being processed, a poignant step was taken by a Government of India, that has incited out to be really essential for a appellant’s factory. The Sugarcane (Control) Amendment Order, 2006 was brought into force on Nov 10, 2006. Clauses 6A to 6E were inserted. Now by Clause 6A, a smallest stretch requirement of 15 kms was brought into force. This requirement, that was hitherto executive in nature, has, spin a orthodox requirement. However, customarily Clauses 6B(1) to 6D were finished germane by trait of Clause 6E to industries whose IEM stood concurred compartment this date. Thereafter, following stairs were undertaken for investiture of a bureau by a appellant:

(a) The Karnataka Pollution Control Board legalised a site during encampment Yadrav and Saundutti and gave a opinion on Dec 15, 2006 with courtesy to a viability of a plan to a Karnataka Udyog Mitra.
(b) Another factory, famous as Doodhganga Sugar Factory also released a No Objection Certificate for investiture of a sugarine bureau during encampment Saundutti.
(c) The Director of Industries sensitive a appellant on May 03, 2007 that a plan of substantiating a 3000 TCD plant, 12 MW Co-generation Plant and 30 KLPD Molasses to Ethanol Plant with an investment of Rs. 106.840 Crores in Saundutti and Yadrav villages had been privileged by a High Level Committee of a State.
(d) The Canara Bank postulated a opening pledge for Rs. 1 Crores as per a requirement of Clause 6A Explanation 2 r/w proviso 6E(2) of a Order, 2006.
(e) The Survey of India on an concentration by a appellant released a Distance Certificate certifying that a stretch between a appellant’s bureau and that of M/s. Raibagh and Shree Doodhganga was not reduction than 15 Kms.
(f) The Cane Commissioner, released a Certificate saying that a abrasive operations of M/s. Raibagh had stopped from 2001-2002.
(g) The Government of Karnataka allotted 14 villages of Raibagh and 6 of Doodhganga to a appellant. (h) The Commissioner, Cane Development/ Director of Sugar approved that a stretch of a dual factories in doubt from a appellant’s section was some-more than 15 kms vide a minute antiquated Aug 17, 2007.
(i) Appellant was postulated accede underneath a Karnataka Industries (Facilitation) Act, 2002 on Nov 07, 2007.
(j) After receiving all claim permissions, several stairs were taken by a appellant such as, purchasing land, fixation an sequence for machinery, fixation an sequence for sourroundings adult polite works and applications and approvals for financial assistance.
(k) The Government of India supposed a opening pledge submitted by a appellant on Apr 15, 2008 and destined it to record a swell news of a project.
(l) The Gram Panchayat Diggiwadi postulated and NOC for investiture for bureau during encampment Yadrav. (m) The Gram Panchayat Diggiwadi postulated an NOC for investiture of bureau during Village Saundutti.
(n) The appellant submitted swell reports to a Chief Director, Sugar for a month of September, 2008. Further, swell reports antiquated Oct 31, 2008, Jul 30, 2009, Jan 27, 2010 were also submitted.
(o) NOC was released by a Pollution Control Board for sourroundings adult a appellant unit. As a Raibagh bureau stood closed, a Government took stairs to restart a bureau and after a proposal routine Shree Renuka Sugar was authorised to restart a factory, for that a franchise help was executed. Even a extend of this franchise was challenged in a garland of command petitions temperament no. 31661 of 2008 and connected matters. These command petitions were discharged by an sequence antiquated Feb 10, 2010 wherein, in para 4 of that order, it was beheld that a sugarine bureau had stopped abrasive given 2001-2002.
(p) The appellant filed an concentration antiquated Jan 27, 2010 before a State Government with a ask to make a recommendation for accede to extend time for implementing a project.
(q) In perspective of a swell reports submitted by a appellant on Mar 09, 2010, a Government of Karnataka referred a appellant’s box for prolongation of time for holding effective stairs and derivation of production. The appellant also requested for prolongation of time.
(r) First uncover means notice antiquated Apr 29, 2010 was released by a Government of India requiring a appellant to state given a opening pledge not be dispossessed for not holding effective steps.
(s) A minute respond antiquated May 06, 2010 was submitted by a appellant, detailing a effective stairs taken. (t) The appellant wrote minute antiquated Jun 21, 2010 to a Chief Director, Sugar, detailing a stairs taken and requesting for prolongation of time. It was followed by another minute antiquated Jul 22, 2010 to a Chief Director, Sugar, detailing a stairs taken and requesting for prolongation of time bringing to a notice that 7.17 acres of land had been purchased and loan had been sanctioned. It was forked out that a Director had been shot during and was in sanatorium for a year heading to delay.
(u) Considering a respond filed by a appellant, a Government of India forsaken a uncover means notice and postulated an prolongation to a appellant to embark prolongation by Dec 07, 2010.
(v) The Labour Commissioner postulated registration to a appellant.
(w) Government of Karnataka, on Nov 16, 2010, requested GOI for a offer extension. The Government of India postulated a second prolongation of time to a appellant compartment Jun 07, 2011. It is an certified box that bureau was duly set adult and prolongation started before Jun 07, 2011. The appellant has also been given a environmental clearance. Government of India even postulated looseness antiquated Mar 24, 2011 for abrasive for a deteriorate 2010-2011.

10) After recapitulating a aforesaid credentials heading to a investiture of bureau and start of prolongation in a conspicuous bureau by a appellant herein, we now advert to a quarrelsome emanate of sourroundings adult of this bureau within 15 km from a sugarine factory, Raibagh Sahakari. As forked out above, on Nov 06, 1995, M/s. Raibagh Sahakari had released ‘no objection’ certificate to a appellant. In any case, on Jan 24, 1995, sequence of murder in honour of Raibagh Sahakari was upheld by a Government of Karnataka. On Sep 14, 2006, a Cane Commissioner had created to a Secretary, Government of Karnataka bringing to a notice a fact that in Raibagh Taluk, a sum prolongation of sugarcane was 23.32 lakh tonnes as on that date Raibagh Sahakari bureau was fibbing closed. According to a appellant, given of this reason there was additional shaft accessible that was being taken to Maharashtra from Karnataka, thus, causing a wreckage to a exchequer. In this backdrop, another bureau Doodhganga Krishna Sahakari that was in a same closeness (though some-more than 15 kms away) had given ‘no objection’ antiquated Aug 12, 2006 for allocating 6 villages to a appellant’s due factory.

11) Insofar Raibagh Sahakari Factory is concerned, a liquidator had been allocated by a State Government. The State Government, however, finished attempt afterward to revitalise this sugarine mill. For this purpose on Jul 19, 2007 a Government told tenders for giving this bureau by proceed of lease. This Notification mouth-watering proposal was challenged by certain persons in a form of command petition filed in a High Court. The High Court discharged a command petition, thereby support a transformation of a Government to entice tenders. In this sequence antiquated Jan 10, 2008 upheld by a High Court, it was definitely remarkable as a fact that this Raibagh bureau was fibbing sealed from a year 2001-2002. Be as it may, a proposal routine went on and eventually proposal of Respondent No. 1 herein, i.e., Shree Renuka Sugar Limited was supposed and franchise help antiquated Oct 16, 2008 was executed in foster of Respondent – 1 thereby permitting it to restart a conspicuous factory. Even this extend of franchise was challenged in a garland of command petitions that were discharged by a High Court on Feb 10, 2010. In this sequence as well, a High Court again beheld that given a bureau had been fibbing sealed given 2001-2002, it indispensable a restart that was in open interest. In this manner, it is Respondent no. 1 that is now using Raibagh Sahakari bureau and has now taken a position that given Raibagh Sahakari is within a radius of 15 kms from a place where appellant had set adult a factory, as per a supplies of proviso 6A of Sugarcane (Control) Amendment Order, 2006, no accede could have been given to a appellant to start a factory.

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12) It competence be remarkable here that between June, 2010 and November, 2010, 4 command petitions, in discerning succession, came to be filed conflicting a appellant for stalling a project, during a stages when estimable work had been achieved by a appellant for sourroundings adult of a factory. The sum of these command petitions are as under:-
1. On Jun 17, 2010: W.P. No. 64254 of 2010 filed by Renukaat Dharwad for dogmatic a IEM antiquated Jun 08, 2006 to have lapsed. No halt Order upheld in this case.
2. On Sep 14, 2010 : W.P. Nos. 66903-907/2010, W.P. Nos. 66926-35/2010, purportedly filed by some members of M/s. Raibagh Sahakari. No halt sequence upheld in this box also.
3. On Oct 18, 2010: W.P. No. 66920/2010 and W.P. No. 66972-990/2010 filed by certain members of Doodhganga Krishna Sahakari of Nandi. In this case, an halt sequence was upheld to a outcome that all stairs taken by a appellant would reside by a outcome of a command petitions.
4. On Nov 26, 2010: W.P. No. 37143 of 2010 filed as PIL.

13) These command petitions were finally listened together and have been motionless by a High Court vide impugned visualisation antiquated Mar 29, 2011. The High Court has reason that a stretch between a bureau of a appellant and Raibagh Sahakari is reduction than 15 kms and, therefore, a sourroundings adult of a bureau is in defilement of proviso 6A of a Sugarcane (Control) Amendment Order, 2006. As a consequence, a IEM of a appellant is reason to be derecognized. The High Court has also reason that extensions antiquated Aug 18, 2010 and Dec 01, 2010 were yet office as “effective steps” in terms of Sugarcane Control Amendment Order were not taken and, therefore, no prolongation could be given.

14) It has already been forked out that a Survey of India had released a certificate antiquated Jul 16, 2007 certifying that stretch between a appellant’s due bureau and Raibagh Sahakari bureau as good as Doodhganga was some-more than 15 kms. Before a High Court, Survey of India had filed an confirmation saying that such certificate was released as per a prevalent procession that was prevalent compartment Dec 31, 2007. It was offer forked out that a Survey of India had told new manners for measuring stretch on Sep 02, 2007. The dimensions of distance, as per new Rules, showed that stretch between a dual factories was reduction than 15 kms. Such a construction was given by a Survey of India in a High Court in a aforesaid command petitions. Significantly, a Survey of India had not removed a certificate antiquated Jul 16, 2007 on a basement of that a box of a appellant for sourroundings adult a bureau was processed and all due permissions accorded to it.

15) The appellant filed Special Leave Petition conflicting a impugned visualisation in that notice was released on May 13, 2011 and operation of a bureau was stayed compartment offer orders. Thereafter, leave was postulated and this stay has continued. As a result, a bureau of a appellant is still operational. Certain offer events that have taken place after filing of a conspicuous Special Leave Petition, in that leave was postulated thereby converting it into polite appeal, competence also be remarkable during this stage:
(i) The Government grants Factories Act approval.
(ii) RTI information from Raibagh saying that there was no abrasive from 2002-03.
(iii) Statement released by Joint Collector, Agriculture arrangement a sum accessibility of sugarcane for a Belgaun District. As per this, a sufficient apportion of sugarcane is accessible to take caring of a needs of all a factories in that area. (iv) The Pollution Control Board indicates that M/s. Raibagh did not have atmosphere and H2O wickedness clearances between 2002-08.
(v) The Government informs that there was no assent performed by Raibagh Sahakari for a years 2003-2008 for crushing. (vi) Cane Commissioner underneath RTI informs that there is no concentration by Raibag Sahkari for abrasive from 2001-208.
(vii) Najilingappa Sugar Institute issues a news giving sum of sugarcane available, dejected and uncrushed compartment 2011. (viii) While a benefaction appeals were pending, this Court destined a Survey of India to embark uninformed measurements as per a routine of measurements now formulated from Jan 01, 2008.

16) A examination of a sequence of a High Court would exhibit that all a central respondents, viz., a Union of India, a Commissioner for Cane Development and Director for Sugar (Government of Karnataka), a Government of Karnataka as good as a Survey of India had upheld a appellant herein, by filing their minute responses-cum-statement of objections in a command petitions filed in a High Court. The Union of India had, inter alia, forked out that a smallest stretch criteria of 15 km as mentioned in Press Note antiquated Aug 31, 1998 was gauge in inlet and not needed and in this seductiveness anxiety was finished to a visualisation of Allahabad High Court. At a same time, Delhi High Court had motionless otherwise. In perspective of these developments, consultant recommendation of Department of Legal Affairs was sought that opined that Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966 competence be nice suitably. In a meantime, even this Court vide a sequence antiquated Sep 05, 2006 in a box of M/s. Ojas Industries Pvt. Ltd. v. Oudh Sugar Mills Ltd. & Ors. [(2007) 4 SCC 723] postulated 8 weeks time to a Union of India to iron out some of a problems highlighted by a parties in a conspicuous case. This led to a amendment in a Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966 vide amendment antiquated Nov 10, 2006 giving orthodox subsidy to a visualisation of smallest distance. This sequence was finished germane to a date of distribution of a sequence i.e. Nov 10, 2006. The Union of India also forked out in a conflicting confirmation that in a box of M/s. Ojas Industries Pvt. Ltd., this Court reason that a conspicuous amendment was retrospective in operation and also highlighted a outcome of non-implementation of IEM within a duration stipulated. Since 4 years time to embark a blurb prolongation was supposing in a Amendment Order, 2006 and this amendment was reason to be retrospective by this Court, recommendation of a Additional Solicitor General of India was sought as to possibly a Bank Guarantees given by such persons should be supposed or not. The Additional Solicitor General of India in his minute antiquated Jun 18, 2007 suggested a Government that a Department should not accept a Bank Guarantees from a initial or progressing persons whose IEMs were concurred in a years 1998/1999/2000 i.e. before to June, 2003 and who had not taken effective steps. He offer suggested that Bank Guarantees can customarily be supposed from a initial or progressing IEM holders in terms of Clause 6E of a Control Order, 2006 if a time extent of 4 years, as prescribed in Clause 6C has not expired. The Union of India offer settled that a matter of a appellant was examined in a light of a aforesaid opinion and that a prolongation of time for completing a plan and to embark a plan was given. Insofar as emanate of stretch is concerned, as per a Union of India, given a certificate released by a Survey of India was on record, that was current and given it disclosed that a sugarine bureau was over 15 km from a existent factory, a appellant was authorised to go adult with a sourroundings adult of a conspicuous factory. 17) The Sugarcane Commissioner in his matter of objections to a command petitions mentioned that a State Government had, vide a sequence antiquated Nov 07, 2007, postulated ‘in-principle clearance’ for investiture of a sugarine factory. It was found that Raibag Sahakari bureau was fibbing tighten for several years and a sequence of murder has been upheld by a State Government. From a year 2001-2002 itself, a abrasive activity of a conspicuous Raibag Sahakari bureau came to be stopped. It was also forked out that in a year 1995 itself, Raibag Sahakari had conveyed a ‘No Objection Certificate’ for investiture of bureau by a appellant. Apart from this, on a recommendation finished by a Deputy Commissioner per a viability and accessibility of a shaft in a area concerned, respondent-Authority has upheld an sequence famous as ‘The Karnataka Sugarcane (Regulation of Distribution) M/s. Shivashakti Sugars, Saudatti Village, Raibag Taluk, Order 2007’. The conspicuous sequence admittedly is not called into doubt by a appellant nor by Raibag Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane. They have supposed a conspicuous order. According to a Cane Commissioner, a allocation of shaft area finished in foster of M/s. Shivashakti Sugars (the appellant) is an sensitive decision. It is a preference finished on a basement of germane materials. It is a preference finished uncommonly in open interest, that is to say, in a seductiveness of sugarcane farmers flourishing sugarcane in and around Raibag Taluk. The Cane Commissioner also emphasised in his confirmation filed in a High Court, that Deputy Commissioner, Belgaum vide a communication antiquated Aug 25, 2006 has finished a recommendation for allocation of 16 villages situated in Raibag Taluk and 7 villages situated in Chikodi Taluk to be allocated in foster of a appellant and on receipt of this communication, a assembly was convened underneath a Chairmanship of a Secretary, Commerce & Industries Department, on May 12, 2006. It was beheld that a Taluk Agricultural Officer had reported that a sum intensity of sugarcane expansion is 23.22 lakh tones per year and that a prerequisite of a appellant was merely 5 lakh tinge per year. It was also beheld that in perspective of a closure of Raibag Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane, sugarcane growers of a conspicuous area were forced to supply sugarcane to Doodhganga Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane and Halasiddanatha Sahakara Sakkare Karkhane. Those dual factories also were incompetent to accept a sugarcane so grown, ensuing in a sugarcane farmers being forced to lift their sugarcane to a beside State of Maharashtra, that has conflicting prolific of a seductiveness of a farmers in general. It was also forked out that afterward notices were released to Doodhganga Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane as good as Raibag Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane for another assembly that was reason on 04.06.2007 wherein a Managing Director of Raibag Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane concurred with a recommendation finished by a Deputy Commissioner and Doodhganga Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane also released no objection. Taking into comment these factors, a State Government had upheld a sequence antiquated Nov 07, 2007. Another poignant aspects highlighted by a Sugarcane Development Commissioner were that for a year 2008-2009, Raibag Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane had dejected customarily 20,573 tonnes of sugarcane, given a abrasive ability is 4 lakh tonnes. Out of 23 lakh tones of sugarcane so grown in that area, if a whole 4 lakh tones is given divided to Raibag Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane, nonetheless there would be additional shaft accessible in a area. In these circumstances, a derivation of a appellant’s bureau would be indeed in a seductiveness of sugarcane farmers, that would inspire sugarcane expansion and it will also forestall a farmers from transporting their sugarcane outward a State. There has been under-crushing of sugarcane scowl in a whole State as such. In fact, for a year 2007-2008, it was beheld that as conflicting a expansion of 340 lakh tonnes of sugarcane, customarily 270 lakh tones was crushed, thereby withdrawal about 70 lakh tonnes of sugarcane remaining uncrushed. For a year 2008-2009, it was projected that 90 lakh tonnes would go yet crushing. Therefore, a State Government announced several incentives to sugarcane farmers for profitable remuneration for uncrushed sugarcane and also incentives to Sugar Factory were given to vanquish sugarcane detached from a allocated area, with an inducement of Rs.100/- for any tinge of sugarcane so crushed. All these would go to uncover that derivation of new Sugar Factories would be in a seductiveness of all endangered and in a open interest.

18) The appellant, in a conflicting confirmation filed in a High Court, detached from reiterating a aforesaid facts, submitted that whole transformation of a appellant, in this behalf, was bonafide and it had invested estimable amounts for a investiture of a factory. Therefore, there was no reason to meddle in a matter.

19) Survey of India also opposite a command petitions. It fit a progressing stretch certificate by mentioning that a area was totalled by holding chance to a methodology that was handling during that time.

20) On a basement of pleadings in a conspicuous command petitions and a arguments that were modernized by a warn for a command petitioners and a respondents, a High Court formulated as many as 5 points that arose for caring in all those command petitions that are as follows:

“(1) Whether Shivashakti Sugars has set adult a sugar
factory during Saundatti Village in suitability with law in
as many as
(a) is there a current industrial entrepreneur
memorandum filed in suitability with the
Sugarcane Control Order;
(b) is a new sugarine bureau dynamic over 15
kms from a existent sugarine mills viz. Doodaganga
Sugar Mills and Raibagh Sugar Mills;
(c) a stretch certificate performed is in accordance
with law;
(d) after filing of a IEM possibly effective stairs have
been taken in terms of Explanation IV to Clause 6A
of a Sugarcane Control Order such as:
(i) possibly a land compulsory for sourroundings adult the
industry is acquired;
(ii) possibly polite construction and building was
commenced within a stipulated duration of two
years;
(iii) possibly organization sequence for plant and machine and the
letter of credit was within dual years period;
(iv) possibly claim financial has been arranged
(2) If effective stairs are not taken within a stipulated
period of dual years, possibly IEM stands
de-recognised?
(3) Whether a sequence of prolongation upheld by the
Central Government is current in suitability with law or
is blank ab initio and nonest?
(4) Whether these command petitions filed are not
maintainable and probable to be discharged on a ground
of delay, laches, wish of bonafides and on a ground
that no open seductiveness is involved?
(5) What order?”

21) Thereafter, a High Court discussed, in good detail, any of a aforesaid points and came to a end that ‘effective steps’ as compulsory underneath a sustenance of Sugarcane (Control) Order were not taken by a appellant; a sequence giving extensions to a appellant for completing a objections were not valid; there could not be any new sugarine bureau dynamic by a appellant in perspective of existent sugarine mills, namely, Doodhganga Sugar Mills and Raibag Sugar Mills within 15 km from a sugarine bureau of a appellant; a Survey of India had not dynamic a stretch by conducting a measurements independently; proviso 6A of a Sugarcane Control Order was needed and retrospective in inlet and, therefore, was germane in a box of a appellant as well. In a process, a High Court also reason that Raibag Sugar Factory was an existent bureau within a definition of proviso 6A of a Sugarcane Control Order 2006.

22) The appellant has challenged a aforesaid commentary of a High Court. In a initial instance, it is argued that interpretation of proviso 6A of a Sugarcane Control Order by this Court in M/s. Ojas Industries box holding it to be retrospective, is per incuriam. It is also argued that, in any case, given M/s. Raibag Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane was not an existent sugarine bureau during a germane time, rigours of proviso 6A was not germane in a box of a appellant as a doubt of stretch did not arise. It was also argued that a commentary of a High Court that a appellant did not take effective stairs as per reason to proviso 6A was clearly erring and, therefore, it resulted in an involuntary de-recognition of a IEM of a appellant. The appellant has questioned a exactness of a preference of a High Court insofar as it binds that extensions given by a Union of India were inappropriate. Even a area standi of a command petitioners who filed a command petitions is challenged. It was also submitted that carrying courtesy to a successive events and utterly to a outcome that really estimable volume was spent by a appellant on a investiture of a bureau and appellant had taken all probable stairs and sanctions from several Authorities, it should not be finished to humour a closure of a bureau given a bureau of a appellant is in business from a year 2011. In nutshell, following issues have been lifted for consideration:

(a) Whether Clause 6A of a Sugarcane Control Order, 1966 (as nice in 2006) can be finished germane to an entrepreneur, who has been postulated an IEM before to a amendment on Nov 10, 2006 and possibly a visualisation of this Court in a box of Ojas Industries case, insofar as it binds Clause 6A to be retrospective, is per incuriam?

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(b) Whether presumption that Clause 6A is germane to an IEM holder, before to a 2006 amendment, would this Clause be germane in a benefaction box as M/s. Raibagh Sahakari Sakkare Karkhane Niyamit was not an existent sugarine bureau (within a definition of reason 1 to Clause 6A)?

(c) Whether a High Court was scold in holding that a appellant did not take effective stairs (as per reason 4 to Clause 6A), within a time support specified underneath Clause 6C of a Sugarcane Control Order, 1966?

(d) Whether a High Court was scold in final that if a effective stairs are not taken within a time specified, a same would outcome in an involuntary re-recognition would be an sequence for shutting down a unit?

(e) Whether a High Court was scold in final that a extensions for commencing blurb prolongation were poorly postulated by a Union of India, as a concentration for prolongation was not filed before a IEM had lapsed?

(f) Whether a petitioners in a 4 command petitions, could be deliberate persons depressed and had area to say a command petitions?

(g) Whether even if a High Court is scold in law, in perspective of a successive events, i.e. a investiture of a sugarine indent by a appellant and it stability to vanquish sugarcane given a year 2011, a appellant’s bureau competence be accessible to continue, in a seductiveness of justice, in a contribution and resources of a benefaction case?”

23) We feel that it would be some-more suitable to initial understanding with a issues (b) and (g), inasmuch as a answer thereto would exhibit that there is no need to span by a other issues during all.

24) Before we reason on a contention on these issues, let us imitate a supplies of Clauses 6A to 6C and 6E of a Sugarcane (Control) Order that were introduced by proceed of an amendment in a year 2006. These are set out as under:

“ 6-A Restriction on sourroundings adult of dual sugar
factories within a radius of 15 km.—
Notwithstanding anything contained in proviso 6, no
new sugarine bureau shall be set adult within a radius of
15 km of any existent sugarine bureau or another new
sugar bureau in a State or dual or some-more States:
Provided that a State Government competence with a prior
approval of a Central Government, where it
considers compulsory and judicious in open interest,
notify such smallest stretch aloft than 15 km or
different smallest distances not reduction than 15 km for
different regions in their sold States.
Explanation 1.— An existent sugarine bureau shall mean
a sugarine bureau in operation and shall also embody a
sugar bureau that has taken all effective stairs as
specified in Explanation 4 to set adult a sugarine bureau but
excludes a sugarine bureau that has not carried out its
crushing operations for final 5 sugarine seasons.
Explanation 2.— A new sugarine bureau shall meant a
sugar factory, that is not an existent sugarine factory,
but has filed a Industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum
as prescribed by a Department of Industrial Policy
and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry in
the Central Government and has submitted a
performance pledge of rupees one crore to the
Chief Director (Sugar), Department of Food and Public
Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and
Public Distribution for doing of a Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum within a stipulated time
or extended time as specified in proviso 6-C.
Explanation 3.— The smallest stretch shall be
determined as totalled by a Survey of India.
Explanation 4.— The effective stairs shall meant the
following stairs taken by a chairman endangered to
implement a industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum
for sourroundings adult of sugarine factory—

(a) squeeze of compulsory land in a name of the
factory;

(b) chain of organization sequence for squeeze of plant and
machinery for a bureau and remuneration of requisite
advance or opening of incorrigible minute of credit
with suppliers;

(c) derivation of polite work and construction of
building for a factory;

(d) assent of claim tenure loans from banks or
financial institutions;

(e) any other step prescribed by a Central
Government, in this courtesy by a notification.

“ 6-B . Requirements for filing a Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum.— (1) Before filing the
IEM with a Central Government, a concerned
person shall obtain a Certificate from a Cane
Commissioner or Director [Sugar] or specified
authority of a State Government endangered that the
distance between a site where he proposes to set up
sugar bureau and adjacent existent sugarine factories
and new sugarine factories is not reduction than a minimum
distance prescribed by a really Central Government
or a State Government, as a box competence be, and the
person endangered shall record a Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum with a Central
Government within one month of emanate of such
certificate unwell that outcome of a certificate shall
expire.

(2) After filing a Industrial Entrepreneur
Memorandum, a chairman endangered shall contention a
performance pledge of rupees one crore to Chief
Director (Sugar), Department of Food and Public
Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and
Public Distribution within thirty days of filing the
Industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum as a collateral for
implementation of a Industrial Entrepreneur
Memorandum within a stipulated time or extended
time as specified in proviso 6-C unwell that Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum shall mount derecognised
as distant as supplies of this sequence are concerned.
6-C. Time-limit to practice Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum.— The stipulated time
for holding effective stairs shall be dual years and
commercial prolongation shall embark within four
years with outcome from a date of filing a Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum with a Central
Government, unwell that a Industrial Entrepreneur
Memorandum shall mount derecognised as distant as
provisions of this sequence are endangered and the
performance pledge shall be forfeited:
Provided that a Chief Director (Sugar), Department
of Food and Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer
Affairs, Food and Public Distribution on the
recommendation of a State Government concerned,
may give prolongation of one year surpassing 6 months
at a time, for implementing a Industrial Entrepreneur
Memorandum and derivation of commercial
production thereof.
xxx xxx xxx

6-E. Application of clauses 6-B, 6-C and 6-D to the
person whose Industrial Entrepreneur
Memorandum has already been acknowledged.—

(1) Except a duration specified in sub-clause (2) of
clause 6-B of this order, a other provisions
specified in clauses 6-B, 6-C and 6-D shall also be
application to a chairman whose Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum has already been
acknowledged as on date of this presentation but
who has not taken effective stairs as specified in
Explanation 4 to proviso 6-A.

(2) The chairman whose Industrial Entrepreneur
Memorandum has already been concurred as
on date of this presentation yet who has not taken
effective stairs as specified in Explanation 4 to
clause 6-A shall allow a opening guarantee
of rupees one crore to a Chief Director (Sugar),
Department of Food and Public Distribution,
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public
Distribution within a duration of 6 months of issue
of this presentation unwell that a Industrial
Entrepreneur Memorandum of a person
concerned shall mount derecognised as distant as
provisions of this sequence are concerned.”

25) The aforesaid supplies outline a stairs that an businessman has to take in an investiture of a sugarine factory. These supplies also discuss time extent to practice IEM supplies that are finished for prolongation of time as well. Consequences of non-implementation of a supplies are also laid down.

Clause 6A also defines what is an existent sugarine bureau and what is a new factory. This Clause also stipulates a stretch requirement and how a smallest stretch of 15 km supposing therein shall be determined. With this, we advert to a contention on issues (b) and (g) in a initial instance. Issue (b)

26) M/s. Chidambaram and Kavin Gulati, comparison advocates argued a matter on seductiveness of a appellant. It was their capitulation that on a date when a appellant practical for and got concurred a IEM on Jun 08, 2006, M/s. Raibag Sahakari Sugar bureau was not in operation on that date. Therefore, stretch requirement as supposing for underneath Clause 6A was not germane in a benefaction case. It was also emphasised that M/s. Raibag Sahakari had not dejected sugarcane given 2001-2002 i.e. in a final 5 abrasive seasons before to Jun 08, 2006, that was also a germane caring to reason that stretch requirement was impossible in this case. It was submitted that there was a clinching justification to infer a aforesaid contribution inasmuch as this has been judicially concurred in a orders of a High Court itself while traffic with a plea to a transformation of a State Government in mouth-watering tenders for giving franchise to M/s. Raibag Sahakari and while determining plea to a extend of a conspicuous franchise in foster of respondent No.1.

27) We competence indicate out during this theatre that a aforesaid fact is not in dispute. There can't be any argue about a same carrying courtesy to engorgement of justification constructed in support of this capitulation that has already been accessible above. The doubt is as to possibly M/s. Raibagh Sahakari would be treated as ‘existing sugarine factory’ within a definition of Clause 6A of a Sugarcane Control Order. It is a box of a appellant that Clause 6A of a Sugarcane Control Order provides a smallest stretch of 15 km to be confirmed between an existent sugarine bureau and another new sugarine factory. Explanation 1, defines an existent sugarine factory. This reason is in 3 parts. The initial partial provides that a bureau shall be deliberate as an existent sugarine bureau to be a sugarine bureau ‘in operation’. The second partial provides that, it shall also embody a sugarine bureau that has taken all effective stairs as specified in reason 4. The third partial provides that a sugarine bureau shall not be deliberate as an existent sugarine bureau if ‘a sugarine bureau that has not carried out a abrasive operations for a final 5 sugarine seasons’. It is submitted that if a sugarine factory, is not ‘in operation’ on a date when a new sugarine indent relates for an IEM, a aged sugarine factory, shall not be deliberate as an existent sugarine mill.

28) The schooled warn for respondent no. 1 heavily relied on a proof in a impugned visualisation of a High Court to support his case. There appears to be force in a aforesaid submissions of a appellant. Requirement of Explanation 1 to Clause 6A is that in sequence to validate as an existent sugarine mill, it needs to vanquish for 5 uninterrupted years. We find that a High Court has poorly accessible that a requirement is of abrasive for any of a one deteriorate out of 5 and this has led to blunder on a partial of a High Court in holding that M/s. Raibagh Sahakari was an existent sugarine factory.

29) Another aspect that becomes germane in this seductiveness (and would also have temperament while determining emanate (g)) is that a box of a appellant for sourroundings adult of a bureau was processed gripping in perspective a fact that M/s. Raibagh Sahakari was not in operation. Further, in one box proceed behind in a year 1995, it had even postulated ‘no objection’ certificate for sourroundings adult of a bureau by a appellant. Another poignant aspect that is to be borne in mind is that a State Government had upheld sequence of murder of M/s. Raibagh Sahakari in practice of a energy underneath Section 72 of a Karnataka Co-operative Societies Act, 1951. Even a liquidator was allocated to embark a murder process. From this scenario, everybody would get a bonafide sense that such a bureau that is non-operational, is going to be liquidated in due march of time. No doubt, subsequently a State Government motionless to revitalise this bureau and stairs in this seductiveness were taken in a year 2008. However, many before that IEM of a appellant was got concurred on Jun 08, 2006. As on that date, there was no ‘existing’ sugarine bureau within a definition of Clause 6A of a Sugarcane Control Order. Therefore, a requirement of stretch as prescribed in Clause 6A would be inapplicable.

30) Insofar as M/s. Doodhganga Sahakari bureau is concerned, dual aspects need to be stressed upon. First, as per a certificate of Survey of India given on Jun 05, 2006, stretch between a conspicuous bureau and a afterwards due bureau of a appellant is shown to be 15 km. Secondly, M/s. Doodhganga Sahakari had given their no conflict to a sourroundings adult of a bureau by a appellant on a basement of that matter was processed further.

31) We have to keep in mind that a requirement of stretch mentioned in a Amendment Order was extrinsic gripping in mind a advantage of a existent sugarine factories. In a conditions like this, when such a bureau itself gave ‘no objection’ certificate, thereby waived a requirement, a bonafides of a appellant can't be doubted. We would like to imitate here a following observations from a visualisation in a box of Rajendra Singh v. State of M.P. & Ors., (1996) 5 SCC 460:

“6. It has been reason by a Constitution Bench of this
Court in Har Shankar v. Dy. Excise and Taxation
Commr. [(1975) 1 SCC 737 : AIR 1975 SC 1121] that:
(SCC p. 748, para 22)

“[T]he command office of High Courts underneath Article 226
of a Constitution is not dictated to facilitate
avoidance of obligations willingly incurred.”
At a same time, it was celebrated that a licensees
are not precluded from seeking to make the
statutory supplies ruling a contract. It must,
however, be remembered that we are traffic with
parties to a contract, that is a business transaction,
no doubt governed by orthodox provisions.
[ Reference competence also be finished to a preference of this
Court in Asstt. Excise Commr. v. Issac Peter, (1994) 4
SCC 104.] While examining complaints of defilement of
statutory manners and conditions, it contingency be remembered
that defilement of any and any sustenance does not
furnish a belligerent for a probity to interfere. The
provision competence be a office one or a needed one.
In a box of office provisions, substantial
compliance would be enough. Unless it is established
that defilement of a office sustenance has resulted in
loss and/or influence to a party, no division is
warranted. Even in a box of defilement of a
mandatory provision, division does not follow as a
matter of course. A needed sustenance recognized in
the seductiveness of a celebration can be waived by that party,
whereas a needed sustenance recognized in the
interest of a open can't be waived by him. In other
words, wherever a censure of defilement of a
mandatory sustenance is made, a probity should enquire
— in whose seductiveness is a sustenance conceived. If it is
not recognized in a seductiveness of a public, doubt of
waiver and/or capitulation competence arise — subject, of
course, to a pleadings of a parties. This aspect has
been dealt with elaborately by this Court in State Bank
of Patiala v. S.K. Sharma [(1996) 3 SCC 364 : 1996
SCC (L&S) 717] and in Krishan Lal v. State of
J&K [(1994) 4 SCC 422 : 1994 SCC (L&S) 885 :
(1994) 27 ATC 590] on a basement of a vast series of
decisions on a subject. Though a conspicuous decisions
were rendered with anxiety to a orthodox rules
and orthodox supplies (besides a beliefs of
natural justice) ruling a disciplinary enquiries
involving supervision servants and employees of
statutory corporations, a beliefs adumbrated
therein are of ubiquitous application. It is compulsory to
keep these considerations in mind while deciding
whether any division is called for by a probity —
whether underneath Article 226 or in a suit. The avocation of
the probity is not a automatic one. It is always a
considered march of action.”

32) Another aspect that is to be borne in mind is that a purpose of stretch requirement is that there is sufficient accessibility of sugarcane in a area so that it could simply support to all a sugarine factories. It is not doubtful that appellant’s bureau has not adversely influenced a utilization of abrasive ability of possibly M/s. Doodhganga Sahakari bureau or M/s. Raibagh Sahakari factory. It was forked out by a schooled warn for a appellant during arguments, that fact was not denied by possibly side, that for final 3 years, M/s. Doodhganga Sahakari bureau had dejected some-more sugarcane than their target. 33) We, therefore, answer this emanate by holding that in a contribution of a benefaction case, a prerequisite of stretch requirement between M/s. Raibagh Sahakari bureau and a appellant’s bureau as contained in Clause 6A was not attracted.

Issue (g)

34) We have already highlighted several stairs that were taken by a appellant for sourroundings adult a factory. The High Court has reason that these were not “effective steps” in terms of Sugarcane Control Amendment Order. However, possibly such stairs would consecrate as ‘effective’ stairs as compulsory by nice supplies contained in Clauses 6A, 6B and 6C of a Sugarcane Control Order or not need not even be left into. Important aspects that need to be highlighted are a following:

(i) IEM of a appellant was concurred on Jun 08, 2006. It had time compartment Jun 08, 2010 to embark blurb prolongation as per a Sugarcane Control Order.
(ii) Extension was practical initial on Jan 27, 2010 that was postulated and afterward second prolongation was postulated by a Union of India compartment June, 2011. Commercial prolongation commenced on May 25, 2011. These extensions were given after deliberation replies of a appellant to a uncover means notice that was issued. Even Government of Karnataka had endorsed a appellant’s box for extension. State supervision had also highlighted a open purpose behind this project, that was for a gratification of a farmers as well.
(iii) The appellant took several stairs for sourroundings adult of this bureau from time to time that have been taken note of above. These embody squeeze of land, chain of organization sequence for plant and machine and remuneration of allege in that behalf, derivation of polite construction, holding tenure loans from a Banks etc.
(iv) These stairs were taken along with due permissions that were compulsory underneath conflicting laws, duly accorded by a several Governmental Authorities, thus, arrangement a bona fides.
(v) The appellant has incurred an output of Rs.299.05 crores as per a audited change piece for 2015-2016. The output on land and building as good as machine is Rs.142.26 crores.
(vi) The sum loans for a using section compartment year 2013 were to a change of Rs. 237 crores.
(vii) The operational cost for using a bureau in a year 2012-2013 was Rs.149.29 crores.
(viii) The appellant’s section is carrying 377 persons as employees on a rolls that are in unchanging employment. In addition, surreptitious practice of approximately 7150 persons during any abrasive deteriorate is facilitated by a using of a appellant’s factory.
(ix) The appellant has also set adult a co-generation plant for prolongation of electricity that was radically 15 megawatt and, during present, is giving supply of 37 megawatt electricity.
(x) There is plenty sugarcane supply in a State of Karnataka and, in particular, in Raibagh segment and, therefore, there is no inauspicious outcome on a operation of any other sugarine mills including M/s. Raibagh Sahakari and M/s. Doodhganga Sahakari 35) When we keep in mind all a aforesaid factors cumulatively, we see that no purpose is going to be served in removing a section of a appellant closed. On a contrary, open purpose final that a appellant’s bureau sojourn in operation and continue to function.

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36) We have already highlighted a factors that import in foster of stability a operations of a appellant’s factory. Apart from estimable considerations on a side of a appellant, there are certain mercantile factors as good that gaunt a change totally in foster of a appellant herein. These embody output of approximately Rs.300 crores by a appellant in substantiating a bureau (including output on land and building to a change of Rs.142.26 crores); loans lifted to a change of Rs.237 crores; operational cost of Rs.150 crores; epoch of practice of 377 persons on unchanging basement and surreptitious practice of some-more than 7000 persons; and sourroundings adult of co-generation plant for prolongation of electricity that is giving supply of 37 mw of electricity. These factors, particularly, bank loans, employment, epoch and prolongation during a bureau offer useful open purpose and such mercantile considerations can't be overlooked, in a context where there is frequency any orthodox violation.

37) It has been recognized for utterly some time now that law is an inter disciplinary theme where interface between law and other sciences (social sciences as good as natural/physical sciences) come into play and a impact of other disciplines of law is to be indispensably kept in mind while holding a preference (of course, within a parameters of authorised provisions). Interface between law and economics is many some-more germane in today’s time when a republic has ushered into a epoch of mercantile liberalization, that is also termed as ‘globalisation’ of economy. India is on a highway of mercantile growth. It has been a building economy for series of decades and all efforts are made, during all levels, to safeguard that it becomes a entirely grown economy. Various measures are taken in this seductiveness by a routine makers. The authorised wing, while endeavour a charge of behaving a authorised function, is also compulsory to perform a purpose in this direction. It calls for an mercantile research of law approach, many ordinarily referred to as ‘Law and Economics’1 . In fact, in certain branches of law there is a proceed impact of economics and mercantile Richard A. Posner in his book ‘Frontiers of Legal Theory’ explains this visualisation as follows:

“Economic research of law has heuristic, descriptive, and normative aspects.
As a heuristic, it seeks to arrangement underlying unities in authorised doctrines and
institutions; in a detailed mode, it seeks to brand a mercantile proof and
effects of doctrines and institutions and a mercantile causes of authorised change;
in a normative aspect it advises judges and other policymakers on a most
efficient methods of controlling control by law. The operation of a subject
matter has spin wide, indeed all-encompassing. Exploiting advances in
the economics of nonmarket behavior, mercantile research of law has
expanded distant over a strange concentration on antitrust, taxation, open utility
regulation, corporate finance, and other areas of categorically economic
regulation. (And within that domain, it has stretched to embody such fields as
property and agreement law). The “new” mercantile research of law embraces
such nonmarket, or quasi-nonmarket, fields of law as tort law, family law,
criminal law, giveaway speech, procedure, legislation, open general law, the
law of egghead property, a manners ruling a hearing and appellate process,
environmental law, a executive process, a law of health and
safety, a laws ominous taste in employment, and amicable norms
viewed as a source of, an barrier to, and a surrogate for grave law.”

Posner also mentioned that this interface between Law and Economics competence grandly be called ‘Economic Theory of Law’, that is built on a pioneering essay by Ronald Coase {R.H. Coase, “The Problem of Social Cost”, 3 Journal of Law and Economics 1 (1960)}:

“The “Coase Theorem” binds that where marketplace transaction costs are zero,
the law’s initial assignment of rights is irrelevant to efficiency, given if the
assignment is emasculate a parties will redress it by a visual transaction.
There are dual critical corollaries. The initial is that a law, to a extent
interested in compelling mercantile efficiency, should try to minimize transaction
costs, for instance by defining skill rights clearly, by creation them readily
transferable, and by formulating inexpensive and effective remedies for crack of
contract…

The second inference of a Coase Theorem is that where, notwithstanding a law’s
best efforts, marketplace transaction costs sojourn high, a law should copy the
market’s allocation of resources by assigning skill rights to the
highest-valued users. An instance is a fair-use doctrine of copyright law,
considerations play accepted role, that are even recognised
as authorised principles. Monopoly laws (popularly famous as ‘Antitrust
Laws’ in USA) have been remade by economics. The issues
arising in foe laws (which has transposed corner laws)
are motionless radically on mercantile research of several provisions
of a Competition Commission Act. Similar proceed is to be
necessarily adopted while interpreting failure laws or even
matters relating to corporate finance, etc. The stir of
economics is clever while examining several facets of a issues
arising underneath a aforesaid laws. In fact, mercantile evidence
plays a large purpose even while determining environmental issues. There
is a flourishing purpose of economics in contract, labour, tax, corporate
and other laws. Courts are increasingly receptive to economic
arguments while determining these issues. In such an sourroundings it
becomes a bounden avocation of a Court to have a economic
analysis and mercantile impact of a decisions. We competence dive to
add that it is by no means suggested that while holding into
account these considerations specific supplies of law are to be
which allows writers to tell brief quotations from a copyrighted work
without negotiating with a copyright holder. The costs of such negotiations
would customarily be prohibitive; if they were not prohibitive, a common outcome would
be an agreement to assent a quotation, and so a doctrine of satisfactory use brings
about a outcome that a marketplace would move about if marketplace exchange were
feasible.”

ignored. First avocation of a Court is to confirm a box by requesting a orthodox provisions. However, on a concentration of law and while interpreting a sold provision, mercantile impact/effect of a decision, wherever warranted, has to be kept in mind. Likewise, in a conditions where dual views are probable or wherever there is a option given to a Court by law, a Court needs to gaunt in foster of a sold perspective that subserves a mercantile seductiveness of a nation. Conversely, a Court needs to equivocate that sold outcome that has a intensity to emanate an inauspicious impact on employment, expansion of infrastructure or economy or a income of a State. It is in this context that mercantile research of a impact of a preference becomes needed . At times, this Court has laid importance on this aspect, al beit in other context. For example, in Raunaq International Limited v. I.V.R. Construction Ltd. & Ors., (1999) 1 SCC 492, this Court cautioned a High Courts not to simply extend halt stay while traffic with a command petitions where plea is to endowment of proposal by a Government in foster of a party, highlighting a fact that even blurb exchange of State or open body

2 In a jurisprudence of a Economic Approach to Law, there are several theories propounded by a jurists, e.g., The Positive Theory or Normative Theory etc. However, here, we are tying a contention to that facet that relates to mercantile impact of a authorised decision.

may engage component of open law or open seductiveness and extend of such halt stay competence check a approach, and in spin expand a cost thereof, that competence not be in open interest. Relevant paragraphs from a conspicuous visualisation review as under:

“11. When a command petition is filed in a High Court
challenging a endowment of a agreement by a public
authority or a State, a probity contingency be confident that
there is some component of open seductiveness endangered in
entertaining such a petition. If, for example, the
dispute is quite between dual tenderers, a court
must be really clever to see if there is any component of
public seductiveness endangered in a litigation. A mere
difference in a prices offering by a dual tenderers
may or competence not be wilful in determining possibly any
public seductiveness is endangered in inserted in such a
commercial transaction. It is critical to bear in mind
that by probity intervention, a due plan competence be
considerably behind so sharpening a cost distant more
than any saving that a probity would eventually effect
in open income by determining a brawl in foster of
one tenderer or a other tenderer. Therefore, unless
the probity is confident that there is a estimable amount
of open interest, or a transaction is entered into
mala fide, a probity should not meddle underneath Article
226 in disputes between dual opposition tenderers.
[Emphasis supplied]

12. When a petition is filed as a open interest
litigation severe a endowment of a agreement by the
State or any open physique to a sold tenderer, the
court contingency prove itself that a celebration that has
brought a lawsuit is litigating bona fide for public
good. The open seductiveness lawsuit should not be
merely a disguise for attaining private ends of a third
party or of a celebration bringing a petition. The court
can inspect a prior record of open service
rendered by a organization bringing open interest
litigation. Even when a open seductiveness lawsuit is
entertained, a probity contingency be clever to weigh
conflicting open interests before intervening.
Intervention by a probity competence eventually outcome in delay
in a execution of a project. The obvious
consequence of such check is cost escalation. If any
retendering is prescribed, cost of a plan can
escalate substantially. What is some-more critical is that
ultimately a open would have to compensate a many higher
price in a form of check in a commissioning of the
project and a accompanying check in a contemplated
public use apropos accessible to a public. If it is
a energy plan that is so delayed, a open may
lose almost given of necessity in electricity
supply and a accompanying deterrent in industrial
development. If a plan is for a construction of a
road or an irrigation canal, a check in transportation
facility apropos accessible or a check in H2O supply
for cultivation being available, can be a substantial
setback to a country’s mercantile development.
Where a preference has been taken bona fide and a
choice has been exercised on legitimate
considerations and not arbitrarily, there is no reason
why a probity should perform a petition underneath Article
226.
xx xx xx

18. The same considerations contingency import with the
court when halt orders are upheld in such
petitions. The celebration during whose instance halt orders
are performed has to be finished accountable for the
consequences of a halt order. The halt order
could check a project, sale finely worked financial
arrangements and expand costs. Hence the
petitioner seeking for halt orders in appropriate
cases should be asked to yield confidence for any
increase in cost as a outcome of such check or any
damages suffered by a conflicting celebration in
consequence of an halt order. Otherwise public
detriment competence transcend open advantage in extenuation such
interim orders. Stay sequence or claim order, if issued,
must be created to yield for restitution.
xx xx xx

24. Dealing with halt orders, this Court observed
in CCE v. Dunlop India Ltd. [(1985) 1 SCC 260] (SCR
190 during p. 196) that an halt sequence should not be
granted yet deliberation a change of
convenience, a open seductiveness endangered and the
financial impact of an halt order. Similarly,
in Ramniklal N. Bhutta v. State of Maharashtra [(1997)
1 SCC 134] a Court conspicuous that while extenuation a stay,
the probity should arrive during a correct balancing of
competing interests and extend a stay customarily when there
is an strenuous open seductiveness in extenuation it, as
against a open wreckage that competence be caused by
granting a stay. Therefore, in extenuation an claim or
stay sequence conflicting a endowment of a agreement by the
Government or a supervision agency, a probity has to
satisfy itself that a open seductiveness in holding adult the
project distant outweighs a open seductiveness in carrying it
out within a reasonable time. The probity contingency also take
into comment a cost endangered in staying a project
and possibly a open would mount to advantage by
incurring such cost.” [Emphasis supplied]

38) Even in those cases where mercantile seductiveness competes with a rights of other persons, need is to strike a change between a dual competing interests and have a offset approach. That is a aspect that has been duly taken caring of in a benefaction case, as would be distinct from a final divide of this judgment.

39) Although law and economics traces behind to a duration of Jeremy Bentham , i.e. 18th century, in a final few decades, interplay between law and economics has gained transformation via Utilitarian Theory, that is radically mercantile speculation a world. Indian law has resorted to mercantile research of law on ad hoc basis. Time has come to cruise a inter-discipline between law and economics as a surpassing transformation on tolerable basis. These are a additional germane considerations that have weighed in a mind in adopting a sold march of transformation in a benefaction case. 40) Even if we find some technical violation, a aforesaid factors direct this Court to practice a energy underneath Article 142 of a Constitution of India. This Court would be prone to do so in a benefaction box that is a fit box for practice of such powers gripping in perspective a estimable considerations and moulding a relief.

41) The schooled comparison warn for a appellant had finished a really satisfactory idea that even if there is a necessity of sugarcane (though it is not so), sugarcane from a 14 villages creatively reserved to respondent No.1 and now with a appellant can be re-allotted to respondent No.1. Having courtesy to this submission, we dispose of these appeals by sourroundings aside a directions contained in a visualisation of a High Court and permitting a appellant’s bureau to continue a operation theme to a condition that 14 villages that were creatively reserved to respondent No.1 would be re-allotted to it after holding these villages from a appellant. Appeals authorised in a aforesaid terms. No sequence as to costs.

(A.K. SIKRI)
(ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE)
NEW DELHI;
MAY 09, 2017.

ITEM NO.1A COURT NO.7 SECTION IVA
(For judgment)
S U P R E M E C O U R T O F we N D we A
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
Civil Appeal No. 5040/2014
SHIVASHAKTI SUGARS LTD. Appellant(s)
VERSUS
SHREE RENUKA SUGAR LTD. & ORS. Respondent(s)
WITH
C.A. No. 5041/2014
C.A. No. 5042/2014
C.A. No. 5043/2014
Date : 09/05/2017
These appeals were called on for attestation of visualisation today.
For Parties
Mr. Gopal Sankaranarayanan, Adv.
Ms. Ranjeeta Rohatgi, Adv.
Mnr. Zeeshan Diwan, Adv.
Ms. Kaveeta Wadia, Adv.
Mr. Shashank Tripathi, Adv.
M/s. Karanjawala & Co.
Ms. Liz Mathew, Adv.
Mr. Joseph Aristotle S., Adv.
Ms. Priya Aristotle, Adv.
Mr. Ashish Yadav, Adv.
Ms. Romsha Raj, Adv.
Mr. Kush Chaturvedi, Adv.
Ms. Sushma Suri, Adv.
Mr. D. S. Mahra, Adv.
Ms. Anitha Shenoy, Adv.
Mr. Rameshwar Prasad Goyal, Adv.
Mr. Dipak Kumar Jena, Adv.
Mr. Naresh Kumar, Adv.
Mr. Rameshwar Prasad Goyal, Adv.
Ms. Anitha Shenoy, Adv.
Mr. Ashok Kumar Sharma, Adv.
Mr. Venkita Subramoniam T. R., Adv.
Ms. Anitha Shenoy, Adv.
Mr. D. S. Mahra, Adv.
Mr. Debasis Misra, Adv.
Mr. Raghavendra S. Srivatsa, Adv.
Mr. N. Ganpathy, Adv.
Hon’ble Mr. Justice A. K. Sikri conspicuous the
judgment of a Bench comprising His Lordship and Hon’ble Mr. Justice Abhay Manohar Sapre.
The appeals are authorised in terms of a sealed reportable judgment.
Applications pending, if any, mount likely of.

(Nidhi Ahuja) (Mala Kumari Sharma)
Court Master Court Master
[Signed reportable visualisation is placed on a file.]
Civil Appeal No. 5040 of 2014 & Ors.

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