THE INDIAN PENAL CODE (IPC)1860 [1-99]

THE INDIAN PENAL CODE

(Act No. 45 of Year 1860)1

THE INDIAN PENAL CODE. 1

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.. 17

1. Title and extent of operation of the Code. 17

2. Punishment of offences committed within India. 17

3. Punishment of offences committed beyond but which by law may be tried within India. 18

9[4. Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences. 18

16[5. Certain laws not to be affected by this Act18

CHAPTER II: GENERAL EXPLANATIONS. 18

6. Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions. 18

7. Sense of expression once explained. 19

8. Gender19

9.Number19

10. "Man", "Woman"19

11. "Person"19

12."Public"19

[Section 13. titled "Queen" repealed by the Govt. of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order,  1950]19

16[14. "Servant of Government"19

[Section 15. titled "British India" repealed by the Govt. of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order,  1937]20

[Section 16. titled "Government of India" repealed by the Govt. of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order,  1937]20

16[17. "Government"20

18[18. "India"20

19. "Judge"20

20. "Court of Justice"20

21. "Public Servant"21

22. "Movable property"23

23. "Wrongful gain"23

24. "Dishonestly"23

25. "Fraudulently"23

26. "Reason to believe"23

27. Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant24

28. "Counterfeit"24

29. "Document"24

30. "Valuable security"25

31. "A will"25

32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions. 25

33. "Act", "Omission"25

30[34. Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention. 25

35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention. 26

36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission. 26

37. Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence. 26

38. Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences. 27

39. "Voluntarily"27

30[40. "Offence"27

41. "Special law"28

42. "Local law"28

43. "Illegal", "Legally bound to do"28

44. "Injury"28

45. "Life"28

46. "Death"28

47. "Animal"28

48. "Vessel"28

49. "Year", "Month"28

50. "Section"29

51. "Oath"29

52. "Good faith"29

38[52A. "Harbour"29

CHAPTER  III: OF PUNISHMENTS. 29

53. Punishment29

41[53A. Construction of reference to transportation. 30

54. Commutation of sentence of death. 30

55. Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life. 30

46[55A. Definition of "appropriate Government"30

[Section 56. titled "Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude, proviso as to sentence for term exceeding ten years but not for life" repealed by the Criminal Law (Removal of Racial Discriminations) Act, 1949, w.e.f. 6th. April, 1949]31

57. Fractions of terms of punishment31

[Section 58. titled "Offenders sentenced to transportation how dealt with until transported" repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955, w.e.f. 1st. January, 1956]31

[Section 59. titled "Transportation instead of imprisonment" repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955, w.e.f. 1st. January, 1956]31

60. Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple. 31

[Section 61. titled "Sentence of forfeiture of property" repealed by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1921]31

[Section 62. titled "Forfeiture of property in respect of offenders punishable with death, transportation or imprisonment" repealed by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1921]31

63. Amount of fine. 31

64. Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine. 31

65. Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable. 32

66. Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine. 32

67. Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only. 32

68. Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine. 32

69. Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine. 32

70. Fine leviable within six years or during imprisonment-Death not to discharge property from liability. 33

71. Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences. 33

72. Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which. 34

73. Solitary confinement34

74. Limit of solitary confinement34

48A[75. Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction. 34

CHAPTER IV : GENERAL EXCEPTIONS. 35

76. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.. 35

77. Act of Judge when acting judicially. 35

78. Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court35

79. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.. 35

80. Accident in doing a lawful act36

81. Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.. 36

82. Act of a child under seven years of age. 37

83. Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding. 37

84. Act of a person of-unsound mind. 37

85. Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will37

86. Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated. 37

87. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent37

88. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit38

89. Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian. 38

90. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception. 39

91. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused. 39

92. Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent39

93. Communication made in good faith. 40

94. Act to which a person is compelled by threats. 41

95. Act causing slight harm.. 41

96. Things done in private defence. 41

97. Right of private defence of the body and of property. 41

98. Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc.41

99. Acts against which there is no right of private defence. 42

100. When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death. 43

101. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death. 43

102. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body. 43

103. When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death. 43

104. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death. 45

105. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property. 45

106. Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person. 45

CHAPTER V :OF ABETMENT. 46

107. Abetment of a thing. 46

108. Abettor46

52[108A. Abetment in India of offences outside India. 48

109. Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment48

110. Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor49

111. Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done. 49

112. Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done. 50

113. Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor50

114. Abettor present when offence is committed. 51

115. Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life-if offence not committed. 51

116. Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment-if offence be not committed. 51

117. Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons. 52

118. Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life. 52

119. Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent53

120. Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment53

32[CHAPTER VA : CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY.. 54

120A. Definition of criminal conspiracy. 54

32[120B. Punishment of criminal conspiracy. 54

CHAPTER  VI : OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE. 54

121. "Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India. 54

56[121A. Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121. 55

122. Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India. 55

123. Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war55

124. Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power55

71[124A. Sedition. 56

125. Waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance with the Government of India. 56

126. Committing depredation on territories of Power at peace with the Government of India. 56

127. Receiving property taken by war on depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126-. 57

128. Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape. 57

129. Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape. 57

130. Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner57

CHAPTER VII : OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY ,74[NAVY AND AIR FORCE]57

131. Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty. 57

132. Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof58

133. Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office. 58

134. Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed. 58

135. Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman. 58

136. Harbouring deserter58

137. Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master59

138. Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman. 59

[Section 138A. titled "Application of foregoing sections to the Indian Marine Service" repealed by the Amending Act, 1934 (35 of 1934)]59

139. Persons subject to certain Acts. 59

140. Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman. 59

CHAPTER VIII : OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY.. 59

141.Unlawful assembly. 60

142. Being member of unlawful assembly. 60

143. Punishment60

144. Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon. 60

145. Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse. 60

146. Rioting. 61

147. Punishment for rioting. 61

148. Rioting, armed with deadly weapon. 61

149. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object61

150. Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly. 61

151. Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse. 61

152. Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.62

153. Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed-if not committed. 62

88[153A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony. 62

89[153B. Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national-integration. 63

154. Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held. 63

155. Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed. 64

156. Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed. 64

157. Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly. 64

158. Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot64

159. Affray. 65

160. Punishment for committing affray. 65

CHAPTER IX : OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS. 65

[Sections 161. To 165A. repealed by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988)]65

166. Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person. 65

167. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury. 65

168. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade. 66

169. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property. 66

170. Personating a public servant66

171. Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent66

90[CHAPTER IXA : OF OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS. 66

171A. "Candidate", "Electoral right" defined. 66

171B. Bribery. 66

171C. Undue influence at elections. 67

171D. Personation at elections. 67

171E. Punishment for bribery. 68

171F. Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election. 68

171G. False statement in connection with an election. 68

171H. Illegal payments in connection with an election. 68

171I. Failure to keep election accounts. 68

CHAPTER X : OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS. 69

172. Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding. 69

173. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof69

174. Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant70

175. Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it70

176. Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it70

177. Furnishing false information. 71

178. Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it72

179.Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question. 72

180. Refusing to sign statement72

181. False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation. 72

100[182. False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person. 72

183. Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant73

184. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant73

185. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant73

186. Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions. 74

187. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance. 74

188. Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant74

189. Threat of injury to public servant75

190. Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant75

CHAPTER XI : OF FALSE EVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE. 75

191. Giving false evidence. 75

192. Fabricating false evidence. 76

193. Punishment for false evidence. 77

194. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence. 77

195. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment78

196. Using evidence known to be false. 78

197. Issuing or signing false certificate. 78

198. Using as true a certificate known to be false. 78

199. False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence. 78

200. Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false. 78

201. Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender79

202. Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.. 79

203. Giving false information respecting an offence committed. 79

204. Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence. 80

205. False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution. 80

206. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution. 80

207. Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution. 80

208. Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due. 81

209. Dishonestly making false claim in Court81

210. Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due. 81

211. False charge of offence made with intent to injure. 81

212. Harbouring offender82

213. Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment83

214. Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender83

215. Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc. 84

216. Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered. 84

108[216A. Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits. 85

[216B. Definition of "harbour" in sections 212, 216 and 216A: Repealed by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1942 (8 of 1942)]85

217. Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture. 85

218. Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture. 85

219. Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law.. 86

220. Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.. 86

221. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend. 86

222. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed. 86

223. Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant87

224. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension. 87

225. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person. 87

122[225A. Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided for88

225B. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for88

[226. Unlawful return from transportation: Repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1st. January, 1956]89

227. Violation of condition of remission of punishment89

228. Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding. 89

123[228A. Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences etc. 89

229. Personation of a juror or assessor90

CHAPTER XII : OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS. 90

230. "Coin" defined. 90

231. Counterfeiting coin. 91

232. Counterfeiting Indian coin. 91

233. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin. 91

234. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin. 91

235. Possession of instrument, or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin. 91

236. Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin. 92

237. Import or export of counterfeit coin. 92

238. Import or export of counterfeits of the India coin. 92

239. Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit92

240. Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit92

241. Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit92

242. Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof-. 93

243. Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof93

244. Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.. 93

245. Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint93

246. Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin. 94

247. Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin. 94

248. Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description. 94

249. Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description. 94

250. Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered. 94

251. Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered. 95

252. Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof-. 95

253. Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof-. 95

254. Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered. 95

255. Counterfeiting Government stamp. 96

256. Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stamp. 96

257. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp. 96

258. Sale of counterfeit Government stamp. 96

259. Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp. 96

260. Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be a counterfeit96

261. Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government97

262. Using Government stamp known to have been before used. 97

263. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used. 97

131[263A. Prohibition of fictitious stamps. 97

CHAPTER XIII : OF OFFENCES RELATING TO WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 98

264. Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing. 98

265. Fraudulent use of false weight or measure. 98

266. Being in possession of false weight or measure. 98

267. Making or selling false weight or measure. 98

CHAPTER XIV : OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENIENCE, DECENCY AND MORALS. 99

268. Public nuisance. 99

269. Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life. 99

270. Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life. 99

271. Disobedience to quarantine rule. 99

272. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale. 99

273. Sale of noxious food or drink. 100

274. Adulteration of drugs. 100

275. Sale of adulterated drugs. 101

276. Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation. 101

277. Fouling water of public spring or reservoir101

278. Making atmosphere noxious to health. 101

279. Rash driving or riding on a public way. 101

280. Rash navigation of vessel101

281. Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy. 102

282. Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel-. 102

283. Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation. 102

284. Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance. 102

285. Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter102

286. Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance. 102

287. Negligent conduct with respect to machinery. 103

288. Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings. 103

289. Negligent conduct with respect to animal103

290. Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for103

291. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue. 103

137[292. Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc. _. 104

292A. Printing, etc., of grossly indecent or scurrilous matter or matter intended for blackmail106

137[293. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person. 107

141[294. Obscene acts and songs. 108

120[294A. Keeping lottery office. 108

CHAPTER XV : OF OFFENCES RELATING TO RELIGION.. 109

295. Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class. 109

145[295A. Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs. 109

296. Disturbing religious assembly. 109

297. Trespassing on burial places, etc. 109

298. Uttering, words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person-. 110

CHAPTER XVI : OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE HUMAN BODY.. 110

299. Culpable homicide. 110

300. Murder111

301. Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended. 114

302. Punishment for murder114

303. Punishment for murder by life-convict114

304. Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder114

120[304A. Causing death by negligence. 114

149[304B. Dowry death. 114

305. Abetment of suicide of child or insane person. 115

306. Abetment of suicide. 115

307. Attempt to murder115

308. Attempt to commit culpable homicide. 116

309. Attempt to commit suicide. 116

310. Thug. 116

311. Punishment116

312. Causing miscarriage. 116

313. Causing miscarriage without woman's consent117

314. Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage. 117

315. Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth. 117

316. Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide. 117

317. Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it118

318. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body. 118

319. Hurt118

320. Grievous hurt118

321. Voluntarily causing hurt119

322. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt119

323. Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt119

324. Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means. 119

325. Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt120

326. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means -. 120

327. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act120

328. Causing hurt by means of poison, etc. with intent to commit an offence. 120

329. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act120

330. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property. 121

331. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property. 121

332. Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty. 121

333. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty. 122

334. Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation. 122

335. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation. 122

336. Act endangering life or personal safety of others. 122

337. Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others. 122

338. Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others. 122

339. Wrongful restraint123

340. Wrongful confinement123

341. Punishment for wrongful restraint123

342. Punishment for wrongful confinement124

343. Wrongful confinement for three or more days. 124

344. Wrongful confinement for ten or more days. 124

345. Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued. 124

346. Wrongful confinement in secret124

347. Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act124

348. Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property. 124

349. Force. 125

350. Criminal force. 125

351. Assault126

352. Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation. 127

353. Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty. 127

354. Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.128

355. Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation. 128

356. Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person. 128

357. Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person. 128

358. Assault or criminal force on grave provocation. 128

359. Kidnapping. 129

360.Kidnapping from India-. 129

361. Kidnapping from lawful guardianship. 129

362. Abduction. 129

363. Punishment for kidnapping. 129

157[363A. Kidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging. 130

364. Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder130

158[364A. Kidnapping for ransom, etc. 131

365. Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person. 131

366. Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage,  etc. 131

160[366A. Procuration of minor girl131

160[366B. Importation of girl from foreign country. 131

367. Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc. 132

368. Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person. 132

369. Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person. 132

370. Buying or disposing of any person as a slave. 132

371. Habitual dealing in slaves.