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WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
AFR
HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH, BILASPUR
WP No. 1115 of 1999
Order Reserved On : 04/12/2018
Order Passed On : 17/05/2019
Ramkumar Tiwari S/o Bhagwat Prasad Tiwari Aged About 64
Years R/o Chandanu Tahsil Bemetara, District Durg, Chhattisgarh.
Petitioner
Versus
1. Board Of Revenue Madhya Pradesh Gwalior Madhya Pradesh
2. Additional Commissioner Raipur, Division Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
3. Sub Divisional Officer Bemetara District Durg, Chhattisgarh.
4. Naib Tahsildar Bemetara, District Durg, Chhattisgarh.
5. Pachkaur Since (Dead) Through LRs
5.1 (A) Smt. Rukmani Bai Widow Of Pachkaur
5.2 (B) Badri Prasad S/o Pachkaur
5.3 (C) Kaushal Kumar S/o Pachkaur
5.4 (D) Vyas Narayan (Since Dead Through Lrs.)
(i) Smt. Sarita, widow of Vyas Narayan;
(ii) Nilay Kumar, son of Vyas Narayan;
(iii) Gaurav Kumar, son of Vyas Narayan;
(iv) Ku. Neelam, Daughter of Vyas Narayan;
(v) Ku. Sujata, Daughter of Vyas Narayan;
All resident of village Chandanu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg
(CG)
5.5 (E). Smt. Ahilya Sharma W/o Neel Kamal Sharma
5.6 (F) Nandni Sharma W/o Goverdhan Prasad Sharma
Both resident of village Chandanu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg (CG)
Respondent
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WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
SA No. 555 of 2003
1. Bandhu Prasad S/o Pachkod Prasad Pandey Aged About 42 Years
R/o Village Chandnu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg,
Chhattisgarh.
2. Badri Prasad S/o Pachkod Prasad Pandey Aged About 45 Years
R/o Village Chandnu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg,
Chhattisgarh.
3. Smt. Savita Pandey W/o Late Vyasnarayan Aged About 38 Years
R/o Village Chandnu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg,
Chhattisgarh.
4. Nilay Pandey S/o Vyas Narayan Aged About 22 Years R/o Village
Chandnu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg, Chhattisgarh.
5. Kumari Neeni Pandey D/o Vyas Narayan Aged About 20 Years
R/o Village Chandnu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg,
Chhattisgarh.
6. Golu Pandey S/o Vyas Narayan Aged About 7 Years Minor
Through Their Natural Guardian Mother, Smt. Savita Pandey,
Wd/o Late Vyas Narayan Pandey R/o Chandnu Tehsil Bemetara,
Presently B.T.I. Training Centre, Bemetara.
7. Kumari Poonam D/o Vyas Narayan Aged About 5 Years Minor
Through Their Natural Guardian Mother, Smt. Savita Pandey,
Wd/o Late Vyas Narayan Pandey R/o Chandnu Tehsil Bemetara,
Presently B.T.I. Training Centre, Bemetara.
8. Kumari Sujata D/o Vyas Narayan Aged About 13 Years Minor
Through Their Natural Guardian Mother, Smt. Savita Pandey,
Wd/o Late Vyas Narayan Pandey R/o Chandnu Tehsil Bemetara,
Presently B.T.I. Training Centre, Bemetara.
9. Smt. Sunita D/o Pachkod Prasad Pandey Aged About 30 Years
R/o Village Chandnu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg,
Chhattisgarh.
10. Smt. Babli @ Nandni D/o Pachkod Prasad Pandey Aged About 35
Years R/o Village Chandnu, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg, (CG)
Appellants
Versus
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WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
1. Ramkumar S/o Bhagwat Prasad Tiwari Aged About 42 Years R/o
Naoghat, Tehsil Bemetara, District Durg, Chhattisgarh.
2. Collector Durg, District Durg, Chhattisgarh.
Respondent
For Petitioner in WP : Shri Dinesh Tiwari, Advocate.
For Respondents 2 to 4 : Shri Anand Dadriya, GA.
For Appellant in SA and Res No.5 in WP : Shri Awadh Tripathi, Adv.
For Respondent No.1 in SA : Shri Dinesh Tiwari, Advocate.
Hon’ble Shri Prashant Kumar Mishra, J
C A V Order
1. Parties to the proceeding in both the matters i.e. WP No. 1115 of
1999 and SA No. 555 of 2003 are contesting right, title and
interest over same piece of land, therefore, both the matters
having been heard analogously are being decided by this common
order.
2. In WP No. 1115 of 1999 preferred by Ram Kumar Tiwari,
challenge is to the order (AnnexureP/13) passed by the Board of
Revenue on 14.1.1999 directing mutation of names of all the
legal heirs of late Hirondi Bai. Thus, this proceeding pertains to
the contest over claim for mutation of their names in the revenue
Records.
3. The other matter i.e. SA No.555/2003 has been preferred by
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WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
Bandhu Prasad and others (including some parties in whose
favour the Board of Revenue has passed mutation order)
challenging the judgment and decree passed by the 3 rd ADJ (FTC),
Bemetara, whereby the appeal preferred by Ram Kumar Tiwari
was allowed and it was declared that the order dated 19.8.1976
passed by the competent authority under the Chhattisgarh Ceiling
on Agricultural Holdings Act, 1960 (henceforth ‘the Ceiling Act’)
in Case No.1324A/91(B)(3)/7475 is illegal and ineffective for
the reason that the said order has been passed without
impleading Ram Kumar Tiwari and examining his rights, title and
interest over the property.
4. Facts
necessary for disposal of the matters are that Hirondi Bai @
Kunjan Bai, widow of Dau Ram was recorded Bhoomiswami of
lands ad measuring 47.33 acres situate at Moja Chandan, Tehsil
Bemetara, District Durg (now District Bemetara). Hirondi Bai
died at village Chandan on 22.11.1979. One Pachkod (since
deceased) represented by his legal heirs moved an application for
mutation on 12.12.1979 in the Court of Naib Tehsildar, Bemetara
claiming himself to be adopted son of Hirondi Bai and her
husband Dau Ram. He claimed that he being the sole legal heir
inherited estate of his adopted mother Hirondi Bai, the original
Bhoomiswami.
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5. Ram Kumar Tiwari, the petitioner in the writ petition, raised an
objection to the application made by Pachkod claiming under the
registered Will dated 14.2.1979 duly executed in his favour by
Hirondi Bai. The Naib Tehsildar, Bemetara passed an order on
17.6.1980 directing recording of Panchkol’s name in the revenue
papers, recognizing him to be an adopted son and at the same
time holding that the registered Will in favour of Ram Kumar
Tiwari is suspicious. On appeal preferred by Ram Kumar Tiwari,
the Sub Divisional Officer (Revenue), Bemetara passed an order
dated 17.11.1980 to set aside the order passed by the Naib
Tehsildar, Bemetara on 17.6.1980. The Sub Divisional Officer
(Revenue) upheld the WILL in favour of Ram Kumar Tiwari and
directed recording of his name in the revenue records. Pachkod
preferred an appeal before the Commissioner, Durg Division, who
by its order dated 24.8.1981 set aside both the orders of Naib
Tehsildar as well as Sub Divisional Officer (Revenue) and directed
that noone be recorded in the revenue record till adjudication of
title by the civil Court. Both the parties namely, Pachkod and
Ram Kumar Tiwari preferred separate revision application before
the Board of Revenue, who by its common order dated 17.6.1982
set aside the order passed by the Commissioner and remitted the
matter for decision afresh in accordance with law.
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WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
6. In the meanwhile, the competent authority under the Ceiling Act
passed an order on 6.1.1976 declaring that the original holder
Hirondi Bai holds 17.33 acres as surplus land. The competent
authority also found that Pachkod is not an adopted son of
Hirondi Bai. A draft statement pursuant to the competent
authority’s order dated 6.1.1976 was served upon the erstwhile
Bhoomiswami Hirondi Bai inviting objections, which were
eventually rejected on 19.8.1976 and a final statement under
Section 11(6) of the Ceiling Act was passed on 19.8.1976 holding
that Hirondi Bai holds 17.33 acres of surplus land.
7. Challenging the order passed by the competent authority,
Pachkod instituted a civil suit No.24A/1977 in the Court of Civil
Judge, Class2, Bemetara, renumbered as Civil Suit No.197A/82
on transfer to the Court of Civil Judge, ClassI, Bemetara,
claiming declaration that the draft statement order rejecting
Hirondi Bai’s objection and final statement of the Ceiling
Authority be declared nullity and injunction be issued restraining
the State from interfering with his possession. In the said suit,
Hirondi Bai was joined as defendant No.2, however, she died
during the pendency of the suit, hence her name was deleted.
Ram Kumar Tiwari was also joined in the suit as one of the
defendants. By a judgment dated 15.3.1984, rendered by the
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WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
Civil Judge, ClassI, Bemetara in Civil Suit No.197A/82,
Pachkod’s claim was decreed, inter alia, holding that he was an
adopted son of Hirondi Bai, therefore, he was entitled to hold the
land as provided under Section 7 of the Ceiling Act and on such
computation, there was no surplus land of Hirondi Bai or her son
Pachkod. Consequently, the plaintiff Pachkod’s title was declared
and injunction was issued against the State for not interfering in
his possession. Challenging the judgment and decree passed by
the Civil Judge, ClassI, Bemetara, State of Chhattisgarh as well as
Ram Kumar Tiwari preferred two separate civil appeals in which
judgment was rendered by the 3rd ADJ (FTC) Bemetara on
30.6.2003, which is the subject matter of challenge in the Second
Appeal No.555/99.
8. During the pendency of the civil suit, the matter was not taken up
by the Commissioner to whom the Board of Revenue had remitted
the matter for reconsideration of the respective claims of the
parties for mutation of their names. When the matter was taken
up by the Commissioner on 20.12.1985, the judgment rendered
by the civil Court on 15th March, 1984 has already been delivered,
therefore, the parties made a statement that no further
proceeding is now necessary. Accepting the statement, the
Commissioner vide its order dated 20.12.1985 filed the
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proceeding. Thereafter, Ram Kumar Tiwari, moved an
application on 15.1.1990 for mutation of his name on the ground
that the earlier order of Sub Divisional Officer (Revenue) in his
favour has attained finality. The Tehsildar took cognizance of the
application and issued notice to Pachkod whereupon Pachkod
appeared and questioned the legality of the proceeding initiated
upon Ram Kumar Tiwari’s application and prayed for closure of
the proceeding. Pachkod’s objection was rejected on 25.7.1992
holding that the Sub Divisional Officer (Revenue)’s earlier order
has attained finality, except the land ad measuring 17.33 acres
which was earlier declared surplus but has been set aside by the
civil Court in its judgment dated 15.3.1984. In revision
application preferred by Pachkod before the Board of Revenue, it
was held that the civil Court’s judgment in his favour is decisive of
the rights, inter se, between the parties, therefore, the name of
Pachkod be recorded in the revenue records.
9. Since any decision in the civil suit between the parties would have
supremacy over the order passed by the Board of Revenue in
mutation proceeding, I shall first take up SA No. 555 of 2003 for
decision. In the suit preferred by Pachkod, he claimed that he
was closely related to Hirondi Bai as her husband Dau Ram’s
nephew. However, he was adopted by Dau Ram and Hirondi Bai
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about 50 years ago (from 26th July, 1977 when the suit was filed).
He claimed that after the death of Dau Ram, the plaintiff along
with Dau Ram’s two widow namely, Mst. Ramwati and Mst.
Hirondi Bai succeeded his estate. However, out of respect, the
plaintiff did not insist for partition of the property left behind by
Dau Ram albeit the plaintiff had half interest in the suit lands,
described in Schedule A B appended to the plaint. It is pleaded
that Hirondi Bai accepted the plaintiff as her adopted son before
the ceiling authorities, but still the competent authority did not
accept the plaintiff as Hirondi Bai’s adopted son and declared that
she holds 17.33 acres surplus land. The plaintiff claimed that
competent authority under the Agricultural Ceiling Act did not
make proper enquiry and fails to exercise the jurisdiction,
therefore, the final order dated 19.8.1976 of the competent
authority is void and does not affect the plaintiff’s right, title and
interest in the suit land. The plaintiff claimed reliefs that the final
order of the competent authority under the Agricultural Ceiling
Act passed on 19.8.1976 is not binding upon him, as the same is
void, as also for issuance of permanent injunction restraining the
defendant No.1/State from interfering in his possession.
10. Hirondi Bai was joined as defendant No.2 in the suit whereas
after the death of Hirondi Bai, Ram Kumar Tiwari was
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WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
renumbered as defendant No.2 in place of Hirondi Bai. Hirondi
Bai had herself filed her written statement before the trial Court
on 24.9.1979 denying that the plaintiff was adopted by Dau Ram
and herself. She also denied that she had gifted any part of the
suit land to the plaintiff and further that on much prior date, she
had gifted 16.50 acres of land in favour of defendant No.3 Ram
Kumar Tiwari but since his name was not mutated in the revenue
records, excess land was found by the competent authority.
11. In his written statement before the trial Court, the original
defendant No.3 subsequently renumbered as defendant No.2,
Ram Kumar Tiwari categorically stated that plaintiff Pachkod
Prasad being Bhanja of Dau Ram, he could not have been adopted
by Pachkod and Hirondi Bai. He also denied that any ceremony
for taking him on adoption was ever undertaken or held by
Pachkod and Hirondi Bai. He states that about 15 acres of land
was gifted to him by Dau Ram’s two widows after the death of
Dau Ram. He denied that any property was ever gifted by
Hirondi Bai to the plaintiff. Defendant No.3 also made a prayer in
the form of counter claim by praying in his written statement that
the final order passed in the ceiling proceeding be set aside and
declared to be not binding on defendant No.3.
12. In course of trial, the plaintiff filed copy of the gift deed executed
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by Hirondi Bai in his favour on 17.12.1974 as Ex.P/1 gifting
12.96 acres of land at village Chandanu. The plaintiff has also
filed Ex.P/2 which is the sale deed executed by Hirondi Bai in
favour of one Babulal on 15.7.1961 for 1 acre of land.
13. On the other hand, the defendant has filed the document (Ex.
D/1) which has been proved by DW1 Dhruwnarayan, a teacher
of the Primary School, Simga, District Raipur stating that in Ex.
D/1, which is the copy of the school register of the year 1931,
Pachkod is shown to be son of Ramdayal Brahmin, his date of
birth being 1.4.1940. This document, according to the defendant,
proves that Pachkod was never mentioning his adoptive father’s
name although he claims to have been adopted by Dau Ram at
the age of 5 years. Ex.D/2 is the sale deed executed by Hirondi
Bai in favour of Dallu.
14. In another document filed by the defendant vide Ex.D/4, Hirondi
Bai has executed the gift deed in favour of plaintiff Pachkod on
17.12.1974. The document being titled as ” cD’kh’k dk eulq[k ukek ”
(Bakshish Ka Mansukhnama). In this document, she states that
she, her Saut Ramwati or their husband Dau Ram has never
adopted the plaintiff Pachkod Prasad and that Pachkod has
cheated on her by obtaining a gift deed on 17.12.1974. This
document titled as “cD’kh’k dk eulq[k ukek” (Bakshish Ka
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Mansukhnama) to mean cancellation of gift deed was executed on
12.10.1979. Ex.D/5 is another document executed on
24.12.1947 in which Hirondi Bai has gifted certain share of her
property to Ram Kumar Tiwari. On the basis of this gift deed,
Ram Kumar Tiwari moved mutation application which was
initially rejected by the Tehsildar, however, the appellate
authority, Shri B.M. Neolekar, EAC Durg allowed Ram Kumar
Tiwari’s appeal by order dated 23.7.1948, the certified copy of
order being Ex.D/6, holding that Ram Kumar Tiwari be recorded
as Proprietor of //6 pies share out of /7/6 pies share held by
Mst. Hirondi Bai.
15. Now considering the oral evidence, Pachkod (PW4) would state
that Dau Ram and Hirondi adopted him when he was 5 years old.
He would not speak about any such custom under which adoption
is permissible merely by putting him on the lap of adoptive father.
In para6 of his examinationinchief, this witness would state that
at the time of death Hirondi Bai was not suffering from any illness
which would mean that written statement filed by Hirondi Bai
denying the fact of adoption of plaintiff Pachkod, was submitted
by her out of her own free will, in a fit state of mind. Pachkod
would further admit the fact of he having studied at Primary
School, Simga till class 4th and that he was admitted in the said
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school by Dau Ram. Thus, the fact of Dau Ram having adopted
Pachkod when he was 5 years of age stands falsified by the
plaintiff’s statement because if Dau Ram had admitted him in the
school, there was no reason for Dau Ram having already adopted
the plaintiff to inform the school authorities that Pachkod’s father
is Ram Dayal. Nothing prevented Dau Ram to have stated to the
school authorities that he is the adoptive father of Pachkod. This
witness would further name the villagers who were present at the
time of alleged adoption, but none of them have been examined
by the plaintiff in support of his case. It is important to bear in
mind that the plaintiff has not filed any document like school
register, mark sheet or certificates or voter list etc. in which his
father’s name is mentioned as Dau Ram.
16. The plaintiff’s witness Keshav Prasad (PW5) admits that plaintiff
Pachkod is the Bhanja of Dau Ram. This witness was aged about
80 years on the date of his examination on 24.2.1984. According
to him, adoption took place about 1516 years back. This is
contrary to what the plaintiff himself speaks that he was adopted
at the age of 5 years. When the plaintiff was examined in
February, 1984, he stated his age to be 57 years. Therefore, if he
was adopted at the age of 5 years, his adoption took place about
52 years back and not 1516 years, as PW5 would state.
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Considering from another angle, if PW5 is to be believed, at the
time of adoption, Pachkod was more than 15 years of age, which
is not permissible under the provisions contained in Section 10
(iv) of the Hindu Adoptions and SectionMaintenance Act, 1956
(henceforth ‘the Act of 1956’). Under the said provision, a person
being more than 15 years of age is not capable of being taken in
adoption.
17. It is admitted position that as per the evidence available in the
record, Hirondi Bai was aunt (Badi Maa, being the wife of elder
brother of Ram Kumar Tiwari) of Ram Kumar Tiwari. Statement
to this effect by DW4 (of defendant No.2) has not been
challenged in his crossexamination. This witness would further
state that in the gift deed which has been found proved by the
document (Ex.D/6), Hirondi Bai has referred him as her legal
heir. Thus it is found proved that Ram Kumar Tiwari is the legal
heir of Hirondi Bai.
18. In the backdrop of evidence available on record, as discussed in
the preceding paragraphs, the finding recorded by the first
Appellate Court that plaintiff Pachkod was not adopted or rather
he could not have been adopted under the then prevailing law
does not suffer from any infirmity. It is established from the
plaintiff’s own pleading and evidence that the adoption has taken
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place before coming into force of the Act of 1956. Therefore, as
per the then prevailing Hindu Law, the plaintiff who happens to
be Bhanja of Dau Ram could not have been adopted.
19. In the matter of Tilokchand Babulal Mahajan Vs. Bhagirath
Puna and Another {1979 MPLJ 375}, the High Court of Madhya
Pradesh has held thus in paras8, 9 10:
“8. As regards the invalidity of the adoption
learned counsel for the appellant submitted that
the rule, that there can be no valid adoption
unless a legal marriage is possible between the
person for whom the adoption is made and the
mother of the boy who is adopted in her maiden
state applies only to daughter’s son, sister’s son
and mother’s sister’s son and that the rule cannot
be extended to other relations. In support of this
submission Shri Mahajan placed reliance upon the
decisions reported in SectionShripad Dattatraya Kamat
v. Vithal Vasudevsmet Parker and others {AIR
1925 Bom. 399.} and SectionAbhiraj Kuer v. Debendra
Singh {AIR 1962 SC 351} and SectionGoswami Shree
Vallabhalalji v. Goswamini Shree Mahalaxmi
Bahuji Maharaj and another {AIR 1962 SC 356}.
The decision in SectionShripad Dattatraya Kamat v. Vithal
Vasudevsmet Parker and others (supra) no doubt
supports the appellant in which it has been held
that adoption of a brother is not invalid. However,
in that case reliance was placed upon Jai Singh
Pal Singh v. Bijai Pal Singh {ILR 27 All 417},
SectionRamkrishna Gopal Joshi v. Chimnaji
Vyankatesh {21 Indian Cases 34}, Puttulal and
others v. Parbati Kunwar and another {42
Indian Appeals 155}, Yamnaya v. Laxman
Bhimrao {ILR 36 Bom. 533}, SectionGajanan Balkrishna
v. Kashinath Narayan {ILR 39 Bom. 410} and
SectionMallappa Parappa v. Gangava {ILR 43 Bom.
209}, but in none of these cases the adoption of a
brother was involved. In Jai Singh Pal Singh v.
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Bijai Pal Singh (supra) the adoption was of
widow’s brother’s grand son; in SectionRamkrishna Gopal
Joshi v. Chimnaji Vyankatesh (supra) the adoption
was of father’s sister’s son, in Puttulal and others
v. Parbati Kunwar and another, the adoption was
of brother’s son, in Yamnaya v. Laxman Bhimrao
the adoption was of mother’s brother’s son, in
SectionGajanan Balkrishna v. Kashinath Narayan the
adoption was of the half brother and in Mallappa
Parappa Vs. Gangaya the adoption was of father’s
first cousin. It is thus clear that in none of the
cases on which reliance was placed by the Bombay
High Court in holding the validity of adoption of a
brother in Shripad Dattatraya Kamat v.
Vasudevsmet Parker and another (supra) the
adoption of a brother was involved. I am unable to
persuade myself to agree with the view taken in
SectionShripad Dattatraya Kamat v. Vasudevsmet Parker
and another. It is difficult to appreciate that if the
prohibitory rule applies to mother’s sister’s son
how it will not apply to a brother who is mother’s
son. Mother’s son (brother) is nearer in
relationship to mother’s sister’s son.
9. Mayne in his treatise of Hindu Law and Usage
(eleventh edition) in para 175 has discussed the
law as follows:
” There is another rule that no one can be
adopted whose mother in her maiden state the
adopter could not have legally married”.
After discussing the controversy about this rule at
the end of the para he has observed as follows:
” SectionIn Raghavendra Rao v. Jayarama Rao the
Court treated it as the settled law, except where
there is usage to the contrary, that the natural
mother of the boy to be adopted, should be a
person who, in her maiden state, might lawfully
have been married to the man for whom the
adoption is made. A judgment of the Judicial
Committee reversing a Full Bench of the Allahabad
High Court has finally established the invalidity of
adoptions contravening this rule in all cases to
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which the general Hindu Law applies in the
absence of a custom to the contrary. On the same
ground, it is unlawful to adopt a brother, a step
brother or an uncle, whether paternal or
maternal.”
10. The rule that there can be no legal adoption
unless a legal marriage is possible between the
person for whom the adoption is made and the
mother of the boy who is adopted in her maiden
state, is stated to have been accepted by almost all
the High Courts except the Bombay High Court in
Abhiraj Kuer Vs. Debendra Singh (supra). Their
Lordships of the Supreme Court have assumed the
correctness of this rule in the above case but held
the adoption valid on the ground that a marriage
with wife’s sister’s daughter was not invalid. Now
it cannot be questioned that a marriage between
Babulal and his mother whose son Tilokchand is
said to have been adopted for him is impossible.
Such a marriage is unthinkable. In my opinion a
brother would fall within the purview of the said
rule and adoption of a brother in the absence of a
custom to the contrary is invalid. The custom was
pleaded but the lower Court on appreciation of
evidence has found that no such custom has been
established. I have gone through the evidence
about the custom alleged by the appellant. In my
opinion the finding of the learned Judge that the
alleged custom has not been established is
unassailable.”
20. In the matter of Damodar Lal Vs. Lalli Lal and Others {AIR
1985 Rajasthan 55}, the Rajasthan High Court held thus at para
10:
“10. In Hindu Law by Mulla, Fifteenth Edition,
1982 by Sunderlal T. Dasai, Part III relating to
persons who may be lawfully taken in adoption,
Sec.480, deals with “who may be adopted”. One
of the rules stated is that he must not be a boy
whose mother the adopting father could not have
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legally married; but this rule had been restricted
in many recent cases to the daughter’s son, sister’
son, and mother’s sister’s son. This prohibition,
however, does not apply to Shudras. Even as to
the three upper classes, it has been held that an
adoption though prohibited under this rule, may
be valid, if sanctioned by custom. At page 598
under the heading “Relationship of adoptive father
to natural mother”, the aforesaid rule is dealt with
as under:
“The rule laid down in subs. (3) refers to the
relationship of the parties prior to marriage. It is
founded upon the fiction “that the adopting father
has begotten the boy upon his natural mother,
therefore, it is necessary that she should be a
person who might lawfully have been his wife.”
For this reason a man cannot adopt his daughter’s
son, or his sister’s son, or his mother’s sister’s son
for he cannot marry his daughter, his sister, or his
mother’s sister; such an adoption cannot be
validated by the application of the doctrine of
factum valet. If the prohibition referred to above
were to be interpreted literally, there would be
many other relations incapable of being adopted.
But this prohibition has been confined in recent
cases to the specific cases of the daughter’s son,
sister’s son, and mother’s sister’s son, and it has
been held that it does not extend to other
relations.”
21. In view of the above settled legal position, the plaintiff was not
capable of being adopted by Dau Ram and Hirondi Bai. Moreover,
the plaintiff’s adoptive mother Hirondi Bai has herself denied the
fact of adoption in her written statement, therefore, there could
not be any better proof of the fact that the plaintiff was not
adopted by Hirondi Bai. In addition to this evidence, the first
Appellate Court has rightly referred to the fact that in his
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registered address filed at the time of filing of the suit, the
plaintiff has himself described him as son of Ram Dayal Brahmin.
It is also to be seen that the plaintiff would never said that after
adoption his relationship with his natural parents and family was
completely severed and he has not succeeded any property from
his natural parents. Neither the name of Pachkod was ever
recorded in the revenue record of the land belonging to Dau Ram,
which could have been natural consequence after the demise of
Dau Ram. The first substantial question of law as to whether
the lower appellate Court was not justified in reversing the
finding that late Pachkod was adopted son of Dau Ram is
answered by holding that the first Appellate Court’s finding is in
accordance with law and that Pachkod was not the adopted son of
Dau Ram.
22. The second substantial question of law framed in this Second
Appeal is whether the lower appellate Court was not justified in
holding that Ram Kumar Tiwari gets title in the land by virtue of
gift deed dated 24.12.1947 as execution of same was not duly
proved in accordance with law? I have already considered the
effect of Ex.D/5 recognizing which Shri B.M. Naolekar, EAC, with
Revenue Appellate powers in Durg District has allowed Ram
Kumar Tiwari’s name to be recorded in the revenue records on the
20
WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
basis of said gift deed. This order has attained finality and there
is no contrary evidence on record to the assertion of Ram Kumar
Tiwari that based on this order (Ex.D/7) he was allowed
compensation in the same proportion at the time of abolition of
Proprietory Rights. If Ram Kumar Tiwari’s name was mutated in
the revenue records and was also allowed compensation, he will
hold the land belonging to Hirondi Bai in the same proportion.
Therefore, the first Appellate Court’s finding that any order in the
ceiling proceeding could not have been passed without
impleadment of Ram Kumar Tiwari is in accordance with law.
Ram Kumar Tiwari was otherwise also entitled to succeed to the
property of Hirondi Bai being her nephew, as it has already been
found that Hirondi Bai was “Badi Maa” of Ram Kumar Tiwari.
23. There is one more aspect of the matter, which would make the
first Appellate Court’s order final, inasmuch as, the first Appellate
Court has held that the order in the ceiling case was made
without following the principles of natural justice, as the same
was passed without noticing Ram Kumar Tiwari, he having share
in the property, has not been assailed by the State of Chhattisgarh
by preferring any separate Second Appeal nor any Cross Appeal
has been filed in the present Second Appeal. Thus, this part of
decree passed by the lower Appellate Court has attained finality
21
WP No. 1115 of 1999 SA No. 555 of 2003
because no substantial question of law has been framed while
admitting the present Second Appeal which would touch upon
the validity of the first Appellate Court’s order on this aspect of
the matter.
24. In view of the above discussion, I hold that the second
substantial question of law again deserves to be answered
against the appellant and in favour of Ram Kumar Tiwari holding
that the first Appellate Court’s order recognizing the gift deed in
view of the certified copy of the order passed by Shri B.M.
Naolekar, having revenue appellate powers, has been decided in
accordance with law.
25. Exconsequenti, the Second Appeal preferred by Pachkod, now
prosecuted by his legal heirs deserves to be and is hereby
dismissed. Once the Second Appeal is decided in favour of Ram
Kumar Tiwari, the order of mutation in favour of pachkod and his
legal heirs deserves to be and is hereby set aside. The Writ
Petition preferred by Ram Kumar Tiwari is allowed.
Sd/
Judge
(Prashant Kumar Mishra)
Barve