BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
Reserved on : 21.06.2018
Pronounced on : 24.08.2018
DATED: 24.08.2018
CORAM
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.V.MURALIDARAN
CMSA(MD)No.24 of 2016
and
CMP(MD)No.10293 of 2017
J.Muthu Krishnan .. Appellant
-Vs-
G.Radhika .. Respondent
Prayer: This Civil Miscellaneous Second Appeal has been filed under Section
28 of Hindu Marriage Act, read with Section 100 of C.P.C., against the
judgment and decree dated 28.07.2015 in H.M.C.M.A.No.12 of 2013 on the file
of the III Additional District Judge, Tirunelveli, confirming the judgment
and decree dated 30.04.2013 passed in H.M.O.P.No.5 of 2011 on the file of the
Subordinate Judge, Valliyoor.
!For Appellant : Mr.Sundaravathanam
for Mr.D.Senthil Kumar
^For Respondent : Mr.M.P.Senthil
:ORDER
The unsuccessful husband before both the Courts below has filed the
present Civil Miscellaneous Second Appeal, seeking to set aside the judgment
and decree made in H.M.C.M.A.No.12 of 2013 dated 27.07.2015, on the file of
the learned III Additional District Judge, Tirunelveli, confirming the
judgment and decree made in H.M.O.P.No.5 of 2011, dated 30.04.2013, on the
file of the learned Subordinate Judge, Valliyoor.
2.In the petition in H.M.O.P.No.5 of 2011 filed by the appellant, under
Sections 13(1)(i-a) and 13(1)(i-b) of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, before the
Subordinate Judge, Valliyoor, the following are stated:
(i)The marriage between the petitioner and the respondent was
solemnised on 13.04.2009 in Aavudaiammal Thirumana Mandapam, according to
Hindu rites and customs. Even during the nuptial night, the respondent/wife
refused to have cohabitation as she married the petitioner only on the
compulsion by her step-mother and it was stated by the respondent/wife that
she was willing to marry her relative by name Saravanan.
(ii)The respondent showed indifferent attitude towards the matrimonial
life. When the petitioner attempted to kindle the respondent, she used to
strangulate his private part, and refused for consummation of marriage. On
such occasions, she used to threaten the petitioner that she will commit
suicide. She repeatedly used to threat that she will commit suicide by having
or by consuming sleeping pills. She was in possession of sleeping pills as
she required the same for hormone imbalance treatment, treated by Christopher
Hospital at Thysayanvilai. Finally, one fine day, she put the petitioner at
peril as she consumed overdose of sleeping pills and it is the petitioner who
noticed and saved her life. This caused the petitioner much mental agony and
untold sufferings.
(iii)Apart from the same, the respondent had lodged criminal complaint
before the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Valliyoor and the Inspector of
Police, All Women Police Station enquired and closed the complaint as mistake
of fact. But the same complaint came to be filed as second complaint lodged
by the respondent was taken on file at the instigation of the Deputy
Superintendent of Police, Valliyoor and referred to District Social Welfare
Officer, Tirunelveli and enquiry has been done on several occasions by the
Welfare Officer as well as by Police and all the family members of the
petitioner were unnecessarily put into trouble and harassed by the
respondent, in filing such false complaint, one after another. This caused
mental cruelty to the petitioner and family members. The petitioner and his
family members were forced to approach Courts for the grant of Anticipatory
Bail and even after obtaining the orders, executed bond and appeared in
compliance with the said orders, which put the family members of the
appellant to utmost hardship.
(iv)The respondent left the matrimonial home on 08.09.2010 along with
her jewels, which was under her possession and never returned back when the
petitioner called her back to matrimonial home. The petitioner started
feeling that he is sinking in a ship wreck.
(v)Till date the marriage is not consummated and the attitude of the
respondent clearly shows that she is not willing to live with the petitioner.
Hence, on the grounds of cruelty and desertion, the petitioner sent a legal
notice and subsequent to the same, the petitioner sought for decree of
dissolution of marriage.
3.In the counter statement filed by the respondent in HMOP.No.5 of 201,
the following are stated:
(i)The respondent denied the allegations contained in the petition
filed by the petitioner seeking for dissolution of marriage. She
categorically denied that she denied for cohabitation right from the date of
marriage.
(ii)The respondent denied that allegation as to the treatment taken by
her at various Hospitals and also denied that she threatened the petitioner
that she would commit suicide. On the other hand, she stated that there was
demand of dowry by the petitioner, which was not done and hence the
petitioner left the respondent at the home of her parents. The conciliations
by family members also failed.
(iii)Since the petitioner sent legal notice containing false details,
the respondent also lodged complaints with the police and F.I.R. came to be
registered under Sections 498-A of I.P.C. and Section 4 of Dowry Prohibition
Act, in Crime No.4 of 2011 with the All Women Police Station, Valliyoor.
(iv)Though the respondent has admitted that there was no cohabitation
of marriage, she stated that the same was not at her instance and only by the
petitioner. Hence, the respondent prayed for dismissal of petition seeking
for dissolution of marriage as the petition contains only false statements
and allegations thereon are also not correct.
4.The learned Subordinate Judge, Valliyoor, after analysing the
evidence and materials on record, declined to grant divorce by observing that
the grounds arose in the petition were not proved. This appellant carried the
matter in appeal in HMCMA.No.12 of 2013, before the learned III Additional
District Judge, Tirunelveli, by whom the appeal has been dismissed refusing
to grant decree of divorce. Hence, this appellant is before this Court.
5.The present Civil Miscellaneous Second Appeal was heard on the
following substantial questions of law:-
A.Whether the First Appellate Court is right in confirming the order of
dismissing the application seeking for the grant of divorce, without going
through the pleadings?
B.Whether the First Appellate Court is right in dismissing the appeal,
when the act of cruelty has been proved through documentary evidence?
C.Whether the Courts below are correct in answering the issues raised
before it?
D.Whether the Lower Appellate Court wrongly appreciated the facts which
lead to the wrong conclusions resulted in wrong verdict?
E.Whether the complaint before the District Social Welfare Officer on
the ground of false allegations are not act of cruelty?
6.Since the parties to the proceedings are living separately for the
past 7 years and more and it was admitted by both the parties in their
respective pleadings and evidences that there was no consummation of
marriage, this Court is framing yet another substantial question of law under
Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure Code, for consideration.
A.Whether the Lower Appellate Court ought to have considered the ground
of breakdown of marriage atleast in the context of long separation between
the married couple?
7.This Court on careful perusal of pleadings and evidences, both oral
and documentary, had heard both the counsel in detail.
8.The learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the pleadings,
oral and documentary evidence would show that the appellant has taken sincere
efforts to have the matrimonial bond between them, but in vain and that there
is no convincing evidence to show that the respondent was prepared to have
the marriage consummated. Thereafter, there was indifference between them,
which resulted in lodging false criminal cases by the respondent.
9.The learned counsel for the appellant also stated that both the
Courts below failed to consider the evidence of the District Social Welfare
Officer, Tirunelveli, that there was no report as to demand of dowry. Non-
consummation of marriage was also recorded by him in his report which has
marked as Exhibit before Ex.P6. However, simply on the reason that the same
officer has not come to depose the evidence before the Court, the learned
Subordinate Judge, Valliyoor, just set it out of the record. When the report
of the Social Welfare Officer is brought to the Court to file the report, the
evidence of the authority should be necessarily taken into consideration. The
refusal to set confidence against the said document stood against the
appellant before both the Courts below.
10.The learned counsel for the appellant also added that for about 7
years by now, both the parties have been living separately and there is no
possibility for re-union and mediation was conducted by this Court on various
occasions, which not yield any fruit. Hence, a decree of divorce may be
granted as per various decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, on the ground
of irretrievable break down of marriage. The learned counsel for the
appellant having relied on several decisions of this Court and also by the
Hon’ble Apex Court, to prove his contention and this Court also perused the
decisions for a careful consideration.
11.This Court has consciously gone through the evidence on record. Even
though, the respondent lodged a complaint with the All Women Police Station,
stating the reason that the same is only due to stimulation by the
appellant’s notice dated 06.01.2011. It is also evidenced that family members
of the husband were also roped in the complaint. The learned counsel for the
appellant also stated that by means of lodging of a complaint, cruelty was
perpetrated upon the appellant. Even though, the appellant or his family
members was not arrested by the police, the appellant as well as his family
members were harassed humiliated and thrown from post to pillar and pillar to
post on the reason of enquiry by the police, only on the basis of the
complaints by the respondent.
12.The learned counsel for the appellant has brought to the notice of
this Court, an application filed by the appellant in CMP(MD)No.10293 of 2017
in the above appeal under Order XLI Rule 27 of C.P.C., to receive two
documents, namely, certified copies of orders of this Court made in
Crl.O.P.(MD)Nos.1452 and 2485 of 2011 dated 04.02.2011 and 25.02.2011
respectively. From the same, it could be seen that not only the
appellant/husband, entire family members of the appellant were driven to
Courts, in view of the complaints lodged by the respondent/wife. As a matter
of fact, all the family members of the appellant were driven to Courts
seeking for anticipatory bails. Hence, to decide the issue as to mental
cruelty as alleged by the appellant, the documents mentioned in
CMP(MD)No.10293 of 2017 were received as the same are necessary to decide the
issue as to whether there is cruelty by the respondent wife.
13.This Court perused the oral evidence of the respondent/wife. During
her cross-examination, though the respondent stated that she had lodged
complaint and put the appellant’s life at peril, she stated that the same has
been filed only to have a matrimonial relationship with the appellant. On the
other hand, she also admitted that she never took any step at her instance or
at the instance of her family members to have the matrimonial bond exist. Her
conduct in lodging complaint one after another reveals that she had no
intention to lead matrimonial life with the appellant/husband.
14.The admissions made by the wife during cross examination are strange
and shocking. There is clear cut admission that the husband did not demand
dowry and there was no cruelty on account of the demand of dowry either by
the respondent or by his family members. The further admission is that the
notice issued contending that the husband drove away the wife demanding dowry
is false. As far as the oral evidence of the respondent is concerned, the
complaint has been initiated only on the basis of demand of dowry. She had
categorically admitted that she had taken some treatment and also admitted
that she had not taken any steps for consummation of marriage.
15.The Courts below have recorded concurrent factual findings to the
effect that the grounds assigned in the petition have not been established.
But, the fact remains that there is no possibility for re-union. Neither of
the parties hereto, has not filed any application seeking for restitution of
conjugal rights. Presently, the parties are 36 and 30 years respectively and
in fact, both of them are living separately and apparently, there is no
intention of having the nuptial life restored.
16.Apart from this, the learned counsel for the appellant stated that
the appellant is also facing charges in a criminal case in C.C.No.478 of 2011
on the file of the learned Judicial Magistrate, Valliyoor, under Section 498-
A of Indian Penal Code and the respondent herein and her family members has
been arrayed as witness. Till date, the appellant is all along travelling
from Chennai to Valliyoor for more than 700 kms attending the said case.
17.In this context, the learned counsel for the appellant placed
reliance upon various decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court right from the
year 2002.
18.The Hon’ble Supreme Court, in the case of G.V.N.Kameswara Rao v.
G.Jabilli, reported in (2002) 2 Supreme Court Cases 296, ?Cruelty? does not
necessarily involve life-threatening conduct or conduct resulting in bodily
injury or damage to health or conduct which gives rise to a reasonable
apprehension of danger to life, limb or health. Where parties had an unhappy
relationship from the very beginning of their married life; respondent wife
appeared to have been unwilling to live with the appellant husband from the
start.
19.The Hon’ble Apex Court reported in 2005 4 AIIMR 363
(Monindarpalsinha N.Kochar v. Jyotindar Kaur Mohindarpal N.Kochar), stated as
follows:
?10.In fact, the cruelty pleaded and established is not a physical
cruelty but it relates to the conduct of the respondent which amounted to
mental torture to the appellant.?
20.The Hon’ble Supreme Court in V.Bhagat v. D.Bhaagat, (1994) 1 SCC 337
it has been defined that
?the mental cruelty in Section 13(1)(i-a) can broadly be defined as
that conduct which inflicts upon the other party such mental pain and
sufferings as would make it not possible for that party to live with the
other.?
21.In another decision, the Hon’ble Apex Court reported in (2006) 4
Supreme Court Cases 558 (Naveen Kohli v. Neelu Kohli), it is held that
?83.Even at this stage, the respondent does not want divorce by mutual
consent. From the analysis and evaluation of the entire evidence, it is clear
that the respondent has resolved to live in agony only to make life a
miserable hell for the appellant as well. This type of adamant and callous
attitude, in the context of the facts of this case, leaves no manner of doubt
in our minds that the respondent is bent upon treating the appellant with
mental cruelty. It is abundantly clear that the marriage between the parties
had broken down irretrievably and there is no chance of their coming
together, or living together again.?
22.The Hon’ble Supreme Court, in the case of Samar Ghosh v. Jaya Ghosh,
reported in (2007) 4 SCC 511, has spelt out some of the instances which could
be considered as mental cruelty. It is specifically mentioned in the judgment
itself that the law is not exhaustive of, what mental cruelty is and what is
not mental cruelty, which is only illustrative and not exhaustive.
?98.On proper analysis and scrutiny of the judgments of this Court and
other Courts, we have come to the definite conclusion that there cannot be
any comprehensive definition of the concept of ‘mental cruelty’ within which
all kinds of cases of mental cruelty can be covered. No court in our
considered view should even attempt to give a comprehensive definition of
mental cruelty.
99.Human mind is extremely complex and human behaviour is equally
complicated. Similarly human ingenuity has no bound, therefore, to assimilate
the entire human behaviour in one definition is almost impossible. What is
cruelty in one case may not amount to cruelty in other case. The concept of
cruelty differs from person to person depending upon his upbringing, level of
sensitivity, educational, family and cultural background, financial position,
social status, customs, traditions, religious beliefs, human values and their
value system.
100.Apart from this, the concept of mental cruelty cannot remain
static; it is bound to change with the passage of time, impact of modern
culture through print and electronic media and value system etc. What may be
mental cruelty now may not remain a mental cruelty after a passage of time or
vice versa. There can never be any strait-jacket formula or fixed parameters
for determining mental cruelty in matrimonial matters. The prudent and
appropriate way to adjudicate the case would be to evaluate it on its
peculiar facts and circumstances while taking aforementioned factors in
consideration.
101.No uniform standard can ever be laid down for guidance, yet we deem
it appropriate to enumerate some instances of human behaviour which may be
relevant in dealing with the cases of ‘mental cruelty’. The instances
indicated in the succeeding paragraphs are only illustrative and not
exhaustive.
(i)On consideration of complete matrimonial life of the parties, acute
mental pain, agony and suffering as would not make possible for the parties
to live with each other could come within the broad parameters of mental
cruelty.
(ii)On comprehensive appraisal of the entire matrimonial life of the
parties, it becomes abundantly clear that situation is such that the wronged
party cannot reasonably be asked to put up with such conduct and continue to
live with other party.
(iii) Mere coldness or lack of affection cannot amount to cruelty,
frequent rudeness of language, petulance of manner, indifference and neglect
may reach such a degree that it makes the married life for the other spouse
absolutely intolerable.
(iv) Mental cruelty is a state of mind. The feeling of deep anguish,
disappointment, frustration in one spouse caused by the conduct of other for
a long time may lead to mental cruelty.
(v) A sustained course of abusive and humiliating treatment calculated
to torture, discommode or render miserable life of the spouse.
(vi) Sustained unjustifiable conduct and behaviour of one spouse
actually affecting physical and mental health of the other spouse. The
treatment complained of and the resultant danger or apprehension must be very
grave, substantial and weighty.
(vii) Sustained reprehensible conduct, studied neglect, indifference or
total departure from the normal standard of conjugal kindness causing injury
to mental health or deriving sadistic pleasure can also amount to mental
cruelty.
(viii) The conduct must be much more than jealousy, selfishness,
possessiveness, which causes unhappiness and dissatisfaction and emotional
upset may not be a ground for grant of divorce on the ground of mental
cruelty.
(ix) Mere trivial irritations, quarrels, normal wear and tear of the
married life which happens in day to day life would not be adequate for grant
of divorce on the ground of mental cruelty.
(x) The married life should be reviewed as a whole and a few isolated
instances over a period of years will not amount to cruelty. The ill-conduct
must be persistent for a fairly lengthy period, where the relationship has
deteriorated to an extent that because of the acts and behaviour of a spouse,
the wronged party finds it extremely difficult to live with the other party
any longer, may amount to mental cruelty.
(xi) If a husband submits himself for an operation of sterilization
without medical reasons and without the consent or knowledge of his wife and
similarly if the wife undergoes vasectomy or abortion without medical reason
or without the consent or knowledge of her husband, such an act of the spouse
may lead to mental cruelty.
(xii) Unilateral decision of refusal to have intercourse for
considerable period without there being any physical incapacity or valid
reason may amount to mental cruelty.
(xiii) Unilateral decision of either husband or wife after marriage not
to have child from the marriage may amount to cruelty.
(xiv) Where there has been a long period of continuous separation, it
may fairly be concluded that the matrimonial bond is beyond repair. The
marriage becomes a fiction though supported by a legal tie. By refusing to
sever that tie, the law in such cases, does not serve the sanctity of
marriage; on the contrary, it shows scant regard for the feelings and
emotions of the parties. In such like situations, it may lead to mental
cruelty.?
23.This Hon’ble Court in a decision reported in (2007) 1 MLJ 698
(A.Viswanathan v. G.Lakshmi @ Seetha), discussed its view with regarding to
lodging complaints before police is also sort of harassment.
?27. Finally, we have to consider whether there is any possibility for
redemption of the matrimonial life of the parties, when admittedly the
parties have been living separately for more than a decade, i.e. right from
the date of petition for divorce. The appellant’s contention that the
respondent’s two earlier marriages ended in failure has been spoken of by the
latter in her oral evidence. Numerous suits and police complaint have been
lodged by the respondent whereby it is not possible to reconcile and
compromise. The police complaint dated 30.01.1997 has been marked in respect
of harassment of the respondent on the appellant. Similarly, the respondent
has given police complaint against the appellant and his son has been
summoned for enquiry on numerous occasions. Therefore, there has been a
constant harassment on account of these complaints.
28. All the above instances do really substantiate the acts of mental
cruelty and lay a firm foundation for grant of divorce. Hence, in our
considered view, it is established from the instances pleaded and proved by
evidence, both oral and documentary, in support of the appellant that the
Family Court, has not looked into these evidence based on the legal
propositions and the established rule of law.?
24.With regard to the separation of the parties in recent past, this
Court had stated that there is no point for re-union except to grant a decree
for divorce, which has been reported in (2012) 2 MLJ 833 (U.Sree v.
U.Srinivas), it is held that
?88.In short, it would be difficult for the parties to bury the past
and to begin a new relationship of husband and wife. For the past 15 years
both parties have remained separately. During these years, they developed
their own life style, remained in isolation and grown in their own thoughts.
Marriage tie between the parties has become emotionally dead and the same is
beyond repair because of the emotionally dead relationship which is a
positive act of oppressive mental cruelty, in our consider opinion. There is
no chance for both parties to live together in future. In such a context, the
decree of Divorce is the only remedy to be passed, so that the parties may
choose their life of their own way, when there has been no scope for their
reunion.
89.The very fact that the appellant/wife has left the matrimonial house
on 03.01.1996 and has not returned till date shows that there is animus
deserendi on her part which is clearly established. Her course of conduct
clearly establishes her desertion also. In the instance case, the marriage
tie between the parties has damaged beyond any salvation. Merely to keep the
marriage as a sham one is not a desirable one.
90.When the parties cannot live in peace, no purpose will be served in
keeping the parties tied by the bond of marital relationship. While granting
the relief, a Court of Law should not shy away from the realities.?
25.In another decision, the Hon’ble Apex Court reported in AIR 2013
Supreme Court 2176 (K.Srinivas Rao v. D.A.Deepa), it is held that
?22. We need to now see the effect of the above events. In our opinion,
the first instance of mental cruelty is seen in the scurrilous, vulgar and
defamatory statement made by the respondent-wife in her complaint dated
4/10/1999 addressed to the Superintendent of Police, Women Protection Cell.
The statement that the mother of the appellant-husband asked her to sleep
with his father is bound to anger him. It is his case that this humiliation
of his parents caused great anguish to him. He and his family were
traumatized by the false and indecent statement made in the complaint. His
grievance appears to us to be justified. This complaint is a part of the
record. It is a part of the pleadings. That this statement is false is
evident from the evidence of the mother of the respondent-wife, which we have
already quoted. This statement cannot be explained away by stating that it
was made because the respondent-wife was anxious to go back to the appellant-
husband. This is not the way to win the husband back. It is well settled that
such statements cause mental cruelty. By sending this complaint the
respondent-wife has caused mental cruelty to the appellant- husband.
…
26. We are also satisfied that this marriage has irretrievably broken
down. Irretrievable breakdown of marriage is not a ground for divorce under
the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. But, where marriage is beyond repair on account
of bitterness created by the acts of the husband or the wife or of both, the
courts have always taken irretrievable breakdown of marriage as a very
weighty circumstance amongst others necessitating severance of marital tie. A
marriage which is dead for all purposes cannot be revived by the court?s
verdict, if the parties are not willing. This is because marriage involves
human sentiments and emotions and if they are dried-up there is hardly any
chance of their springing back to life on account of artificial reunion
created by the court?s decree.
…
28. In the ultimate analysis, we hold that the respondent-wife has
caused by her conduct mental cruelty to the appellant-husband and the
marriage has irretrievably broken down. Dissolution of marriage will relieve
both sides of pain and anguish. In this Court the respondent-wife expressed
that she wants to go back to the appellant-husband, but, that is not possible
now. The appellant-husband is not willing to take her back. Even if we refuse
decree of divorce to the appellant-husband, there are hardly any chances of
the respondent-wife leading a happy life with the appellant-husband because a
lot of bitterness is created by the conduct of the respondent-wife.
29. In Vijay Kumar, it was submitted that if the decree of divorce is
set aside, there may be fresh avenues and scope for reconciliation between
parties. This court observed that judged in the background of all surrounding
circumstances, the claim appeared to be too desolate, merely born out of
despair rather than based upon any real, concrete or genuine purpose or aim.
In the facts of this case we feel the same.?
26.In other decision relied by the learned counsel for the Appellant,
the Hon’ble Apex Court (in Vidhya Viswanathan v. Kartik Balakrishnan reported
in (2014) 15 SCC 21) stated that denial for sexual intercourse by wife for
long time without sufficient reason amounts to ?mental cruelty? and divorce
petition filed by the husband is allowed on grounds of non-consummation of
marriage for about three years is upheld by the Hon’ble Apex Court.
27.Yet another decision has been made by the Hon’ble Apex Court in
Narendra v. K.Meena case, regarding the harassment by the wife, reported in
(2016) 9 SCC 455:
?18.Applying the said ratio to the facts of this case, we are inclined
to hold that the unsubstantiated allegations levelled by the respondent wife
and the threats and attempt to commit suicide by her amounted to mental
cruelty and therefore, the marriage deserves to be dissolved by a decree of
divorce on the ground stated in Section 13(1) (i-a) of the Act.
19.Taking an overall view of the entire evidence and judgment delivered
by the trial Court, we firmly believe that there was no need to take a
different view than the one taken by the trial Court. The behaviour of the
respondent wife appears to be terrifying and horrible. One would find it
difficult to live with such a person with tranquillity and peace of mind.
Such torture would adversely affect the life of the husband.?
28.The above decision has been followed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court
reported in (2017) AIR (SC) 2138 (Raj Talreja v. Kavita Talreja), wherein it
has been explained in detail, what cruelty is?
?10.Cruelty can never be defined with exactitude. What is cruelty will
depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case. In the present case,
from the facts narrated above, it is apparent that the wife made reckless,
defamatory and false accusations against her husband, his family members and
colleagues, which would definitely have the effect of lowering his reputation
in the eyes of his peers. Mere filing of complaints is not cruelty, if there
are justifiable reasons to file the complaints. Merely because no action is
taken on the complaint or after trial the accused is acquitted may not be a
ground to treat such accusations of the wife as cruelty within the meaning of
the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 (for short ‘the Act’). However, if it is found
that the allegations are patently false, then there can be no manner of doubt
that the said conduct of a spouse levelling false accusations against the
other spouse would be an act of cruelty. In the present case, all the
allegations were found to be false. Later, she filed another complaint
alleging that her husband along with some other persons had trespassed into
her house and assaulted her. The police found, on investigation, that not
only was the complaint false but also the injuries were self inflicted by the
wife. Thereafter, proceedings were launched against the wife under Section
182 of I.P.C.?
29.A Division Bench of this Court followed the above decision in its
judgment passed in Savitha v. Velmurugan reported in (2017) 3 MWN (Civil)
614, stating that:
?In the above judgment the Hon’ble Apex Court had held that wife made
reckless, defamatory and false accusation against her husband, his family
members and colleagues which would definitely have the effect of lowering his
reputation in the eyes of his peers and when it is found that the allegations
are patently false, then there can be no manner of doubt that the said
conduct of a spouse levelling false accusation against the other spouse would
be an act of cruelty.
19.In the above judgment referred to in the foregoing paragraph the
Hon’ble Apex Court had held that though the acts of the wife for filing false
case against her husband amount to cruelty, had also stated that they are not
oblivious to the requirements of the wife to have a decent living and
directed the husband to pay substantial amount towards permanent alimony.
Taking into consideration the ratio laid down by the Apex Court in the above
referred judgment and applying the above principle to the present case we see
that in this case also the wife had not only preferred a complaint alleging
demand of dowry which she had not pursued further but had also alleged
illicit intimacy of her husband with his own brother’s wife and with his
office colleague.?
30.Another Division Bench of this Court also had an occasion to deal
with similar issue, reported in (2007) 1 MLJ 698 (A.Viswanathan v. G.Lakshmi
@ Seetha)
?23.Yet another instance of respondent’s allegation was that the
appellant was responsible for the death of his first wife. But, it is seen
from the evidence that they had lived happily for 30 years and she had died
only due to cardiac arrest and this specific allegation by the respondent
also does constitute an act of mental cruelty. The various baseless
allegations made in the written statement filed in matrimonial proceedings
would certainly constitute acts of mental cruelty as seen from the number of
decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court and High Courts supra.?
31.On the other hand, the learned counsel for the respondent contended
that there was no such alleged cruelty and as a matter of fact there was no
desertion at all by the respondent wife. It is only the appellant who
deserted the respondent wife by throwing out of the matrimonial home. He also
added that the respondent/wife is always ready and willing to lead a marital
life with the appellant.
32.Further, he contended that the application seeking for divorce on
the ground of desertion, cannot be maintainable as the application for
divorce has been filed on 18.01.2011, wherein the marriage between the
parties took place on 13.04.2009, which is within two years of marriage.
Further, the appellant husband has filed petition for divorce on 18.01.2011,
which is within 4 months 19 days of the alleged date of desertion namely,
08.09.2010 and there cannot be any petition on the ground of desertion before
08.09.2012. The said issue has been already discussed in detail by the
learned III Additional District Judge at Tirunelveli. Hence, the learned
counsel for the respondent wife sought for dismissal of the present appeal
and opted to confirm the decision made by the First Appellate Court.
33.It is true that no application for divorce can be filed on the
ground of desertion within two years of marriage or even within two years
from the date of desertion. The relevant provision to Section 13 of Hindu
Marriage Act has been extracted hereunder:
?13.Divorce.-(1) Any marriage solemnized, whether before or after the
commencement of this Act, may, on a petition presented by either the husband
or the wife, be dissolved by a decree of divorce on the ground that the other
party-
(i)has, after the solemnization of the marriage, had voluntary sexual
intercourse with any person other than his or her spouse; or
(i-a) has, after the solemnization of the marriage, treated the
petitioner with cruelty; or
(i-b) has deserted the petitioner for a continuous period of not less
than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition; or?
34.Hence, it is crystal clear that the application for divorce on the
ground of desertion cannot be maintainable as filed by the appellant in
HMOP.No.5 of 2011 on the file of the learned Subordinate Judge, Valliyoor.
The contention of the learned counsel for the respondent to that effect is
comprehensible in nature.
35.Any ordinary and prudent woman, who is ready and willing to have the
marital bond with her husband, would file an application seeking for
restitution of conjugal rights. Though it is contended on the side of the
respondent that she is ready and willing to have the marital bond exist, no
material has been placed before this Court to affirm her intention. The
respondent wife also admits that she is living separately, though not from
08.09.2010 as alleged in the petition, but, atleast from the date of
complaint in Crime No.4 of 2011 with the Inspector of Police, All Women
Police Station, Valliyoor. Till date, she had not expressed her willingness
to have the matrimonial bond exist.
36.In the present case on hand, the respondent wife, though not
intended to file an application seeking for restitution of conjugal rights,
adding fuel to the fire, still prosecuting the relations through her
marriage, cannot lead a peaceful life in near future also. Hence, the marital
relationship between the parties ends and more particularly, the parties,
have thrown the solemn vows of marriage into wind. The act of the respondent
in prosecuting the family members of the appellant husband has been always a
threat in causing mental agony and mental cruelty.
37.In so far as it related to the ground of cruelty is concerned, this
Court after going through the evidence on record and other circumstances of
the case is able to discern the intention of the parties. They have been
continuously living separately without sincere attempt or any intention to
have re-union between them. Hence, the continuance or allowing the existence
of marriage between them will not serve any purpose and hence, their marital
relationship has to be put to an end by dissolving their marriage, which
could be obtained by grant of a decree for divorce.
38.It is reiterated that the parties had been living apart for the past
7 years and more. Since the marriage has become a mirage, nothing would serve
by continuance of the nuptial relationship. This Court also observed that the
ground of cruelty raised by this appellant has been established, since, it
was admitted that she lodged a police complaint, but, when the same was
referred to the District Social Welfare Officer, the same came to be reported
that there is no demand of dowry by the appellant or by his family members.
39.In these circumstances, this Court is fortified in its view to grant
a decree of divorce on the ground of irretrievable break down of marriage.
Hence, the orders passed by the Courts below have to be inevitably be set
aside and accordingly set aside and the Civil Miscellaneous Second Appeal
deserves to be allowed.
40.In fine,
(a) this Civil Miscellaneous Second Appeal is allowed, granting a
decree of divorce as prayed for by the appellant;
(b) the appellant is directed to pay a sum of Rs.5,00,000/- (Rupees
Five Lakhs only) as permanent alimony to the respondent/wife within a period
of eight weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order.
Consequently, connected miscellaneous petition is closed. No costs.
To
1.The III Additional District Judge,
Tirunelveli.
2.The Subordinate Judge,
Valliyoor.
.
