13 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (for short ‘the Act’), was dismissed.

The brief facts of the case are that the appellant-husband was

married to the respondent according to Hindu rites and ceremonies on

24.11.2008. It was an arranged marriage. No child was born out of the said

wedlock. The assertions made by the appellant before the Family Court

were that while going to Manali for honeymoon just after 2-3 days of

marriage, the respondent tried to jump out of the running taxi and started

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shivering and on many occasions she used to talk in foul language and kept

herself locked in bathroom for several hours. It was also averred that the

respondent-wife would lit lamp at night and many times she used to sleep

for 24 hours at a stretch. The appellant-husband approached the parents of

the respondent-wife but they extended no help. The appellant gathered

information from the neighbours of the respondent-wife that before

marriage, the respondent-wife used to remain ill and was suffering from

mental disease and had been under treatment since 9.8.2007.

Further stand taken by the appellant was that the respondent

never showed any interest in the domestic work and used to make lame

excuses to perform her matrimonial duties. The respondent being a short

tampered lady, caused mental harassment and torture to the appellant. The

respondent-wife left the matrimonial home without the consent of the

appellant-husband in September, 2009. Efforts for bringing her back failed.

Rather the parents of the respondent had ill-treated the appellant-husband

when he made a request to bring her back.

Before the trial Court, the case was contested by the

respondent-wife. She denied all the allegations made against her. In the

counter allegations, the respondent-wife asserted before the Family Court

that it was the appellant and his family, who used to torture her for the

demand of dowry. The family of the appellant raised a demand of ` 4.00

lakhs despite the fact that the parents of the respondent-wife had already

spent ` 5.00 lakhs on the marriage. It was also pointed out by the

respondent before the Family Court that the appellant-husband had initially

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withdrawn by him. Therefore, a fresh divorce petition could not be

presented and was liable to be dismissed. Moreover, because of the

ill-treatment, the respondent-wife was constrained to file a petition under

she was well behaved and had always performed her matrimonial duties

properly. It was the appellant and his family members who had often

misbehaved with her and she was thrown out of her matrimonial home.

The allegations that she was suffering from mental disorder prior to her

marriage and her parents had concealed this fact were denied.

On the pleadings, the following issues were framed by the

Family Court on 12.2.2014:-

“1. Whether the petitioner is entitled for a decree of divorce
on the grounds as mentioned in the petition ? OPP

2. Relief.”

In order to prove his case, the appellant stepped into the

witness box as PW-1 besides examining Dr. Shivani Aggarwal as PW-2 and

Sanjay, Medical Record Keeper as PW-3, who had produced the medical

record.

To rebut the case, the respondent-wife stepped into the witness

box as RW-1 and had placed on record the documents Ex. R-1 and Ex.-R2.

After hearing learned counsel for the parties and going through

the evidence on record, the Family Court has drawn the conclusion that the

appellant-husband had failed to prove both the grounds of cruelty and

desertion and, thus, the divorce petition was dismissed vide judgment dated

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28.7.2015.

We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and have also

gone through the records of the case with their assistance.

Learned counsel for the appellant has argued that the

respondent is a disrespectful and quarrelsome lady and does not like the

relatives to visit them and also becomes angry with the appellant and his

family members every second or third day. It has been argued that the

respondent has been suffering from “fits” which fact was never disclosed to

the appellant and his family members. Even while going to Manali for

honeymoon, the respondent tried to jump from the taxi and started

shivering. The respondent-wife would use filthy language and keep herself

locked in bathroom for several hours. The respondent-wife left the company

of the appellant in September and all efforts to bring her back had failed.

Rather, the parents of the respondent-wife had insulted the appellant even

though he was ready and willing to bring her back.

Learned counsel for the appellant has also argued that the Court

below has ignored the testimony of PW2-Dr. Shivani Aggarwal and the

medical evidence on record. Thus, he has prayed that the judgment and

decree dated 28.7.2015 be set aside.

Per contra, learned counsel for the respondent has submitted

that the respondent and her family members had never concealed any fact

from the appellant-husband and his family members. The respondent-wife is

not suffering from any mental disorder or any disease. Learned counsel has

relied upon the statement of Dr. Shivani Aggarwal (PW-2) wherein she

stated that the mental health of the respondent-wife did not debar her from

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having a healthy relationship with her husband. It has been also argued that

rather it is the appellant and his family members, who had maltreated the

respondent-wife as she was constantly harassed, humiliated and was beaten

in the public. All the allegations of strange and abnormal behaviour were

discarded being a concocted story.

After taking into consideration the evidence on record, we do

not find any infirmity or illegality in the order passed by the Family Court.

We have gone through the statement of PW-2 Dr. Shivani Aggarwal. As per

this witness, Manisha Verma-respondent was examined by her on 27.1.2009

and was diagnosed with Psychotic illness and Obsessive Compulsive

Disorder (OCD) and the disease was treatable with proper medication and

regular follow-up treatment and it is not curable but can be managed.

Merely because the respondent-wife is suffering from Psychotic

illness or OCD by itself, is insufficient to prove that she is incapable of

having healthy domestic relationship. Thus, the appellant cannot claim

divorce on the ground of cruelty on account of her mental illness.

As far as the other allegations of cruelty are concerned, the

appellant has made vague and general allegations that the respondent-wife

was not performing her matrimonial duties and was rude and used to

misbehave with him and his family members. No specific instance has been

given by the appellant and the assertions made by him were not

corroborated by oral, documentary or medical evidence. There is no

evidence on record that the appellant-husband has ever made any complaint

or called the relatives to show that he was passing through the abnormal

behaviour of his wife. In the present case, the wife has shown her readiness

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and willingness to go to her matrimonial home. There is no suicidal action

or other violent behaviour which could be found from the record of this

case. The multiple litigation between the parties cannot be raised as a

ground of cruelty, rather it is the legal right of any of the parties to seek

redressal from the competent authority. Resorting to litigation by itself is no

reason to infer cruelty unless it can be shown that it was malafide or false.

It is not the case in the present proceedings.

To constitute cruelty, the conduct complained of should be

“grave and weighty” so as to come to the conclusion that one spouse cannot

be reasonably expected to live with the other spouse. It must be something

more serious than “ordinary wear and tear” of married life. Cruelty is also a

course or conduct of one, which can adversely effect the other spouse. But

expression ‘cruelty’ has not been defined in the Act. None of the ingredients

has been pointed out by the appellant/husband in the present case against

respondent/wife. But before the conduct can be called cruelty, it must touch

a certain pitch of severity which we do not find it in the case in hand.

The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in Kollam Chandra

Sekhar versus Kollam Padma Latha 2013 (4) RCR (Civil) 655 has laid

down that if the disease is not of such a nature that it makes the life of

husband miserable, the husband is not entitled to seek dissolution of

marriage. The Apex Court further observed as under:-

“24. But the illnesses that are called “mental” are kept
distinguished from those that ail the “body” in a
fundamental way. In “Philosophy and Medicine”, Vol. 5 at
page X the learned Editor refers to what distinguishes the
two qualitatively:

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“Undoubtedly, mental illness is so disvalued because it
strikes at the very roots of our personhood. It visits us with
uncontrollable fears, obsessions, compulsions, and
anxieties….

. . . This is captured in part by the language we use in
describing the mentally ill. One is an hysteric, is a neurotic,
is an obsessive, is a schizophrenic, is a manic-depressive.
On the other hand, one has heart disease, has cancer, has
the flu, has malaria, has smallpox…”

The principle laid down by this Court in the aforesaid case
with all fours is applicable to the fact situation on hand
wherein this Court has rightly referred to Section 13 (1) (iii) of
the Act and explanation to the said clause and made certain
pertinent observations regarding “unsound mind” or “mental
disorder” and the application of the same as grounds for
dissolution of marriage. This Court cautioned that Section 13
(1) (iii) of the Act does not make a mere existence of a mental
disorder of any degree sufficient in law to justify the
dissolution of marriage. The High Court in the present case
stated that a husband cannot simply abandon his wife because
she is suffering from sickness and relied on the evidence of
RW-2, Dr. Krishna Murthy, Superintendent, Institute of Mental
Health, Hyderabad, wherein it is stated by him that
schizophrenia can be put on par with diseases like
hypertension and diabetes on the question of treatability
meaning that constant medication is required in which event
the disease would be under control. The High Court also relied
on the evidence of PW-4, Dr. Ravi S. Pandey, Professor and
Head of Department of Psychiatry at NIMHANS, Bangalore,
who had examined the respondent and stated that the team
could not find any evidence suggesting that she has been
suffering from schizophrenia at the time of examining her and
also stated in his cross-examination that no treatment
including drugs were given to her at NIMHANS as they did not
find any abnormality in her behaviour. He also stated that it is
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true that psychiatrically there is no contra-indication in
leading a normal conjugal life. Thus, they gave her a
certificate, which is marked as Exh. B-11, based on clinical
examination and in the absence of any abnormal behaviour
including psychiatric features in the past history of respondent.
The High Court has not accepted the finding of fact recorded
by the trial court on the contentious issue and further stated
that “schizophrenia” does not appear to be such a dangerous
disease and it can be controlled by drugs and in the present
case, this finding is supported by evidence of RW-2, who has
stated in his examination-in-chief that the appellant herein has
not made any reference to any of the acts of the respondent
that can constitute “schizophrenia” ailment. It is further held
by the High Court that there is no positive evidence to show
that the respondent has suffered from schizophrenia and even
in the case she has suffered from some form of schizophrenia,
it cannot be said that she was suffering from such a serious
form of the disease that would attract the requirement as
provided under Section 13 (1) (iii) of the Act and that it is of
such a nature that it would make life of the appellant so
miserable that he cannot lead a marital life with her.”

The Division Bench of this Court in Sher Singh versus Manju

Kanwar 2016 AIR (Punjab) 228, has held that the husband had failed to

place on record any evidence to prove that the wife was suffering from any

mental disorder which makes her incapable of performing the marital

obligations or that occasional illness, if any, is incurable. Thus, it was

observed that the husband was not entitled to get a decree of divorce. The

Division Bench has observed as under:-

“Evidently, no positive medical evidence was brought on
record that the respondent-wife was suffering from ailment of
hysterical fits or any incurable unsoundness of mind. Even if
she had some mental ailment, it was not of such a nature that it

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would make the life of appellant-husband so miserable that he
cannot lead a marital life with her. Clause (iii) of Section 13(1)
of the Act has two elements necessarily to be proved to get a
decree of divorce, one that the spouse other than the
complainant spouse is of unsound mind or is intermittently
suffering from schizophrenic or mental disorder; second that
the disease is of such a kind and of such an extent that the
complaining spouse cannot reasonably be expected to live with
the other spouse. Even one element of that clause is sufficient
to grant a decree of divorce. But in the case in hand, there is
absolutely no evidence of the appellant to prove that the
respondent is suffering from any mental disorder which makes
her incapable of performing marital obligations or that the
occasional illness, if any, is incurable.”

Taking into consideration the facts and circumstances of the

present case, we do not find any illegality or infirmity in the well reasoned

judgment passed by the Family Court, which may warrant any interference

by this Court.

The appeal is dismissed.

(RAKESH KUMAR JAIN)
JUDGE

(HARNARESH SINGH GILL)
April 09, 2019 JUDGE
Gurpreet

Whether speaking /reasoned : Yes/No
Whether Reportable : Yes/No

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