FAO-7843-2015 -1-
IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT
CHANDIGARH
FAO No. 7843 of 2015
Date of Decision: 09.4.2019
Jitender Soni …….Appellant
Vs.
Manisha Verma …….Respondent
CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE RAKESH KUMAR JAIN
HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE HARNARESH SINGH GILL
Present: – Mr. Ranjan Lakhanpal, Advocate
for the appellant.
Mr. Rajesh Arora, Advocate
for the respondent.
*****
HARNARESH SINGH GILL, J.
The present appeal has arisen out of the judgment and decree
dated 28.7.2015 passed by the learned District Judge, Family Court,
Gurgaon vide which petition filed by the appellant-husband under Section
13 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (for short ‘the Act’), was dismissed.
The brief facts of the case are that the appellant-husband was
married to the respondent according to Hindu rites and ceremonies on
24.11.2008. It was an arranged marriage. No child was born out of the said
wedlock. The assertions made by the appellant before the Family Court
were that while going to Manali for honeymoon just after 2-3 days of
marriage, the respondent tried to jump out of the running taxi and started
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shivering and on many occasions she used to talk in foul language and kept
herself locked in bathroom for several hours. It was also averred that the
respondent-wife would lit lamp at night and many times she used to sleep
for 24 hours at a stretch. The appellant-husband approached the parents of
the respondent-wife but they extended no help. The appellant gathered
information from the neighbours of the respondent-wife that before
marriage, the respondent-wife used to remain ill and was suffering from
mental disease and had been under treatment since 9.8.2007.
Further stand taken by the appellant was that the respondent
never showed any interest in the domestic work and used to make lame
excuses to perform her matrimonial duties. The respondent being a short
tampered lady, caused mental harassment and torture to the appellant. The
respondent-wife left the matrimonial home without the consent of the
appellant-husband in September, 2009. Efforts for bringing her back failed.
Rather the parents of the respondent had ill-treated the appellant-husband
when he made a request to bring her back.
Before the trial Court, the case was contested by the
respondent-wife. She denied all the allegations made against her. In the
counter allegations, the respondent-wife asserted before the Family Court
that it was the appellant and his family, who used to torture her for the
demand of dowry. The family of the appellant raised a demand of ` 4.00
lakhs despite the fact that the parents of the respondent-wife had already
spent ` 5.00 lakhs on the marriage. It was also pointed out by the
respondent before the Family Court that the appellant-husband had initially
filed a divorce petition under Section 13 of the Act which was later on
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withdrawn by him. Therefore, a fresh divorce petition could not be
presented and was liable to be dismissed. Moreover, because of the
ill-treatment, the respondent-wife was constrained to file a petition under
the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 and a petition
under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 as well as a
complaint under Section 498-A IPC. The respondent-wife had claimed that
she was well behaved and had always performed her matrimonial duties
properly. It was the appellant and his family members who had often
misbehaved with her and she was thrown out of her matrimonial home.
The allegations that she was suffering from mental disorder prior to her
marriage and her parents had concealed this fact were denied.
On the pleadings, the following issues were framed by the
Family Court on 12.2.2014:-
“1. Whether the petitioner is entitled for a decree of divorce
on the grounds as mentioned in the petition ? OPP
2. Relief.”
In order to prove his case, the appellant stepped into the
witness box as PW-1 besides examining Dr. Shivani Aggarwal as PW-2 and
Sanjay, Medical Record Keeper as PW-3, who had produced the medical
record.
To rebut the case, the respondent-wife stepped into the witness
box as RW-1 and had placed on record the documents Ex. R-1 and Ex.-R2.
After hearing learned counsel for the parties and going through
the evidence on record, the Family Court has drawn the conclusion that the
appellant-husband had failed to prove both the grounds of cruelty and
desertion and, thus, the divorce petition was dismissed vide judgment dated
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28.7.2015.
We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and have also
gone through the records of the case with their assistance.
Learned counsel for the appellant has argued that the
respondent is a disrespectful and quarrelsome lady and does not like the
relatives to visit them and also becomes angry with the appellant and his
family members every second or third day. It has been argued that the
respondent has been suffering from “fits” which fact was never disclosed to
the appellant and his family members. Even while going to Manali for
honeymoon, the respondent tried to jump from the taxi and started
shivering. The respondent-wife would use filthy language and keep herself
locked in bathroom for several hours. The respondent-wife left the company
of the appellant in September and all efforts to bring her back had failed.
Rather, the parents of the respondent-wife had insulted the appellant even
though he was ready and willing to bring her back.
Learned counsel for the appellant has also argued that the Court
below has ignored the testimony of PW2-Dr. Shivani Aggarwal and the
medical evidence on record. Thus, he has prayed that the judgment and
decree dated 28.7.2015 be set aside.
Per contra, learned counsel for the respondent has submitted
that the respondent and her family members had never concealed any fact
from the appellant-husband and his family members. The respondent-wife is
not suffering from any mental disorder or any disease. Learned counsel has
relied upon the statement of Dr. Shivani Aggarwal (PW-2) wherein she
stated that the mental health of the respondent-wife did not debar her from
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having a healthy relationship with her husband. It has been also argued that
rather it is the appellant and his family members, who had maltreated the
respondent-wife as she was constantly harassed, humiliated and was beaten
in the public. All the allegations of strange and abnormal behaviour were
discarded being a concocted story.
After taking into consideration the evidence on record, we do
not find any infirmity or illegality in the order passed by the Family Court.
We have gone through the statement of PW-2 Dr. Shivani Aggarwal. As per
this witness, Manisha Verma-respondent was examined by her on 27.1.2009
and was diagnosed with Psychotic illness and Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder (OCD) and the disease was treatable with proper medication and
regular follow-up treatment and it is not curable but can be managed.
Merely because the respondent-wife is suffering from Psychotic
illness or OCD by itself, is insufficient to prove that she is incapable of
having healthy domestic relationship. Thus, the appellant cannot claim
divorce on the ground of cruelty on account of her mental illness.
As far as the other allegations of cruelty are concerned, the
appellant has made vague and general allegations that the respondent-wife
was not performing her matrimonial duties and was rude and used to
misbehave with him and his family members. No specific instance has been
given by the appellant and the assertions made by him were not
corroborated by oral, documentary or medical evidence. There is no
evidence on record that the appellant-husband has ever made any complaint
or called the relatives to show that he was passing through the abnormal
behaviour of his wife. In the present case, the wife has shown her readiness
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and willingness to go to her matrimonial home. There is no suicidal action
or other violent behaviour which could be found from the record of this
case. The multiple litigation between the parties cannot be raised as a
ground of cruelty, rather it is the legal right of any of the parties to seek
redressal from the competent authority. Resorting to litigation by itself is no
reason to infer cruelty unless it can be shown that it was malafide or false.
It is not the case in the present proceedings.
To constitute cruelty, the conduct complained of should be
“grave and weighty” so as to come to the conclusion that one spouse cannot
be reasonably expected to live with the other spouse. It must be something
more serious than “ordinary wear and tear” of married life. Cruelty is also a
course or conduct of one, which can adversely effect the other spouse. But
expression ‘cruelty’ has not been defined in the Act. None of the ingredients
has been pointed out by the appellant/husband in the present case against
respondent/wife. But before the conduct can be called cruelty, it must touch
a certain pitch of severity which we do not find it in the case in hand.
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in Kollam Chandra
Sekhar versus Kollam Padma Latha 2013 (4) RCR (Civil) 655 has laid
down that if the disease is not of such a nature that it makes the life of
husband miserable, the husband is not entitled to seek dissolution of
marriage. The Apex Court further observed as under:-
“24. But the illnesses that are called “mental” are kept
distinguished from those that ail the “body” in a
fundamental way. In “Philosophy and Medicine”, Vol. 5 at
page X the learned Editor refers to what distinguishes the
two qualitatively:
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FAO-7843-2015 -7-“Undoubtedly, mental illness is so disvalued because it
strikes at the very roots of our personhood. It visits us with
uncontrollable fears, obsessions, compulsions, and
anxieties….
. . . This is captured in part by the language we use in
describing the mentally ill. One is an hysteric, is a neurotic,
is an obsessive, is a schizophrenic, is a manic-depressive.
On the other hand, one has heart disease, has cancer, has
the flu, has malaria, has smallpox…”
The principle laid down by this Court in the aforesaid case
with all fours is applicable to the fact situation on hand
wherein this Court has rightly referred to Section 13 (1) (iii) of
the Act and explanation to the said clause and made certain
pertinent observations regarding “unsound mind” or “mental
disorder” and the application of the same as grounds for
dissolution of marriage. This Court cautioned that Section 13
(1) (iii) of the Act does not make a mere existence of a mental
disorder of any degree sufficient in law to justify the
dissolution of marriage. The High Court in the present case
stated that a husband cannot simply abandon his wife because
she is suffering from sickness and relied on the evidence of
RW-2, Dr. Krishna Murthy, Superintendent, Institute of Mental
Health, Hyderabad, wherein it is stated by him that
schizophrenia can be put on par with diseases like
hypertension and diabetes on the question of treatability
meaning that constant medication is required in which event
the disease would be under control. The High Court also relied
on the evidence of PW-4, Dr. Ravi S. Pandey, Professor and
Head of Department of Psychiatry at NIMHANS, Bangalore,
who had examined the respondent and stated that the team
could not find any evidence suggesting that she has been
suffering from schizophrenia at the time of examining her and
also stated in his cross-examination that no treatment
including drugs were given to her at NIMHANS as they did not
find any abnormality in her behaviour. He also stated that it is
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FAO-7843-2015 -8-true that psychiatrically there is no contra-indication in
leading a normal conjugal life. Thus, they gave her a
certificate, which is marked as Exh. B-11, based on clinical
examination and in the absence of any abnormal behaviour
including psychiatric features in the past history of respondent.
The High Court has not accepted the finding of fact recorded
by the trial court on the contentious issue and further stated
that “schizophrenia” does not appear to be such a dangerous
disease and it can be controlled by drugs and in the present
case, this finding is supported by evidence of RW-2, who has
stated in his examination-in-chief that the appellant herein has
not made any reference to any of the acts of the respondent
that can constitute “schizophrenia” ailment. It is further held
by the High Court that there is no positive evidence to show
that the respondent has suffered from schizophrenia and even
in the case she has suffered from some form of schizophrenia,
it cannot be said that she was suffering from such a serious
form of the disease that would attract the requirement as
provided under Section 13 (1) (iii) of the Act and that it is of
such a nature that it would make life of the appellant so
miserable that he cannot lead a marital life with her.”
The Division Bench of this Court in Sher Singh versus Manju
Kanwar 2016 AIR (Punjab) 228, has held that the husband had failed to
place on record any evidence to prove that the wife was suffering from any
mental disorder which makes her incapable of performing the marital
obligations or that occasional illness, if any, is incurable. Thus, it was
observed that the husband was not entitled to get a decree of divorce. The
Division Bench has observed as under:-
“Evidently, no positive medical evidence was brought on
record that the respondent-wife was suffering from ailment of
hysterical fits or any incurable unsoundness of mind. Even if
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FAO-7843-2015 -9-would make the life of appellant-husband so miserable that he
cannot lead a marital life with her. Clause (iii) of Section 13(1)
of the Act has two elements necessarily to be proved to get a
decree of divorce, one that the spouse other than the
complainant spouse is of unsound mind or is intermittently
suffering from schizophrenic or mental disorder; second that
the disease is of such a kind and of such an extent that the
complaining spouse cannot reasonably be expected to live with
the other spouse. Even one element of that clause is sufficient
to grant a decree of divorce. But in the case in hand, there is
absolutely no evidence of the appellant to prove that the
respondent is suffering from any mental disorder which makes
her incapable of performing marital obligations or that the
occasional illness, if any, is incurable.”
Taking into consideration the facts and circumstances of the
present case, we do not find any illegality or infirmity in the well reasoned
judgment passed by the Family Court, which may warrant any interference
by this Court.
The appeal is dismissed.
(RAKESH KUMAR JAIN)
JUDGE
(HARNARESH SINGH GILL)
April 09, 2019 JUDGE
Gurpreet
Whether speaking /reasoned : Yes/No
Whether Reportable : Yes/No
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