HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD

Court No. – 55

Case :- CRIMINAL APPEAL No. – 3534 of 2013

Appellant :- Rakesh

Respondent :- State of U.P.

Counsel for Appellant :- Rajeev Kumar Srivastava,Vindeshwari Prasad

Counsel for Respondent :- Govt. Advocate

Hon’ble Pradeep Kumar Srivastava,J.

1. Written objection has been filed by learned A.G.A., which is taken record.

2. Heard Sri Vindeshwari Prasad, learned Amicus curie and Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh, learned A.G.A. for the State and perused the record.

3. This appeal has been preferred against the judgment and order of conviction dated 6.6.2013  passed by Additional Sessions Judge, Court No.5, Mathura in Sessions Trial No. 227 of 2012 (State Vs. Rakesh), arising out of Case Crime No. 129 of 2012, under Sections 342, Section376, Section506 I.P.C., Police Station Jamunapar, District Mathura whereby the accused-appellant was convicted and sentenced for the offence under Section 376 IPC for a period of 10 years imprisonment along with fine of Rs. 10,000/- and in default six months imprisonment, under Section 342 I.P.C. for a period of one year imprisonment along with fine of Rs. 1000/- and in default one month additional imprisonment and Section 506 IPC for a period of one year imprisonment along with fine of Rs. 1000/- and in default one month simple imprisonment. Learned trial court has also directed that out of recovered amount of fine Rs. 10,000/- shall be given to the victim.

4. At the very outset, learned amicus curie has requested that he does not want to press the bail application and he would like to argue the case on the quantum of sentence and has submitted that the accused-appellant has been convicted maximum for the period of ten years rigorous imprisonment and from the last about eight years, he has been in jail, which is sufficient in the facts and circumstances of the case, therefore, he has requested that either the accused-appellant should be released on undergone or substantial reduction in sentence may be made. He has further submitted that the radiological report shows the age of the victim is about 16 years. Further submission is that the date of incident is 29.1.2012 when minimum sentence provided for the offence under Section 376 IPC was seven years and, thereafter, the same was enhanced in the year 2013.

5. Learned A.G.A. has submitted that the offence against the accused-appellant was fully established on the basis of evidence produced before the court below but if the sentence awarded to him is reduced slightly, he would have no objection.

6. In Mohd. Giasuddin Vs. State of AP, AIR 1977 SC 1926, explaining rehabilitary reformative aspects in sentencing it has been observed by the Supreme Court:-

“Crime is a pathological aberration. The criminal can ordinarily be redeemed and the state has to rehabilitate rather than avenge. The sub-culture that leads to ante-social behaviour has to be countered not by undue cruelty but by re-culturization. Therefore, the focus of interest in penology in the individual and the goal is salvaging him for the society. The infliction of harsh and savage punishment is thus a relic of past and regressive times. The human today vies sentencing as a process of reshaping a person who has deteriorated into criminality and the modern community has a primary stake in the rehabilitation of the offender as a means of a social defence. Hence a therapeutic, rather than an ‘in terrorem’ outlook should prevail in our criminal courts, since brutal incarceration of the person merely produces laceration of his mind. If you are to punish a man retributively, you must injure him. If you are to reform him, you must improve him and, men are not improved by injuries.”

7. SectionIn Sham Sunder vs Puran, (1990) 4 SCC 731, where the high court reduced the sentence for the offence under Sectionsection 304 part I into undergone, the supreme court opined that the sentence needs to be enhanced being inadequate. It was held:

“The court in fixing the punishment for any particular crime should take into consideration the nature of offence, the circumstances in which it was committed, the degree of deliberation shown by the offender. The measure of punishment should be proportionate to the gravity of offence.”

8. SectionIn State of MP vs Najab Khan, (2013) 9 SCC 509, the high court, while upholding conviction, reduced the sentence of 3 years by already undergone which was only 15 days. The supreme court restored the sentence awarded by the trial court. Referring the judgments in SectionJameel vs State of UP (2010) 12 SCC 532, Guru Basavraj vs State of Karnatak, (2012) 8 SCC 734, the court observed as follows:-

“In operating the sentencing system, law should adopt the corrective machinery or the deterrence based on factual matrix. The facts and given circumstances in each case, the nature of the crime, the manner in which it was planned and committed, the motive for commission of the crime, the conduct of the accused, the nature of weapons used and all other attending circumstances are relevant facts which would enter into the area of consideration. We also reiterate that undue sympathy to impose inadequate sentence would do more harm to the justice dispensation system to undermine the public confidence in the efficacy of law. It is the duty of court to award proper sentence having regard to the nature of offence and the manner in which it was executed or committed. The courts must not only keep in view the rights of victim of the crime but also the society at large while considering the imposition of appropriate punishment.”

9. Earlier, “Proper Sentence” was explained in Deo Narain Mandal Vs. State of UP (2004) 7 SCC 257 by observing that Sentence should not be either excessively harsh or ridiculously low. While determining the quantum of sentence, the court should bear in mind the principle of proportionately. Sentence should be based on facts of a given case. Gravity of offence, manner of commission of crime, age and sex of accused should be taken into account. Discretion of Court in awarding sentence cannot be exercised arbitrarily or whimsically.

10. In subsequent decisions, the supreme court has laid emphasis on proportional sentencing by affirming the doctrine of proportionality. SectionIn Shyam Narain vs State (NCT of delhi), (2013) 7 SCC 77, it was pointed out that sentencing for any offence has a social goal. Sentence is to be imposed with regard being had to the nature of the offence and the manner in which the offence has been committed. The fundamental purpose of imposition of sentence is based on the principle that the accused must realize that the crime committed by him has not only created a dent in the life of the victim but also a concavity in the social fabric. The purpose of just punishment is that the society may not suffer again by such crime. The principle of proportionality between the crime committed and the penalty imposed are to be kept in mind. The impact on the society as a whole has to be seen. Similar view has been expressed in SectionSumer Singh vs Surajbhan Singh, (2014) 7 SCC 323 , SectionState of Punjab vs Bawa Singh, (2015) 3 SCC 441, and SectionRaj Bala vs State of Haryana, (2016) 1 SCC 463.

11. SectionIn Kokaiyabai Yadav vs State of Chhattisgarh (2017) 13 SCC 449, it has been observed that reforming criminals who understand their wrongdoing, are able to comprehend their acts,have grown and nartured into citizens with a desire to live a fruitful life in the outside world, have the capacity of humanising the world.

12. SectionIn Ravada Sasikala vs. State of A.P. AIR 2017 SC 1166, the Supreme Court referred the judgments in SectionJameel vs State of UP (2010) 12 SCC 532, Guru Basavraj vs State of Karnatak, (2012) 8 SCC 734, SectionSumer Singh vs Surajbhan Singh, (2014) 7 SCC 323 , SectionState of Punjab vs Bawa Singh, (2015) 3 SCC 441, and SectionRaj Bala vs State of Haryana, (2016) 1 SCC 463 and has reiterated that, in operating the sentencing system, law should adopt corrective machinery or deterrence based on factual matrix. Facts and given circumstances in each case, nature of crime, manner in which it was planned and committed, motive for commission of crime, conduct of accused, nature of weapons used and all other attending circumstances are relevant facts which would enter into area of consideration. Further, undue sympathy in sentencing would do more harm to justice dispensations and would undermine the public confidence in the efficacy of law. It is the duty of every court to award proper sentence having regard to nature of offence and manner of its commission. The supreme court further said that courts must not only keep in view the right of victim of crime but also society at large. While considering imposition of appropriate punishment, the impact of crime on the society as a whole and rule of law needs to be balanced.

13. The judicial trend in the country has been towards striking a balance between reform and punishment. The protection of society and stamping out criminal proclivity must be the object of law which can be achieved by imposing appropriate sentence on criminals and wrongdoers. Law, as a tool to maintain order and peace, should effectively meet challenges confronting the society, as society could not long endure and develop under serious threats of crime and disharmony. It is therefore, necessary to avoid undue leniency in imposition of sentence. Thus, the criminal justice jurisprudence adopted in the country is not retributive but reformative and corrective. At the same time, undue harshness should also be avoided keeping in view the reformative approach underlying in our criminal justice system.

14. In view of the above, it is clear that in our country the reformative and corrective approach has been adopted in criminal justice administration. There is nothing on record to show that the accused-appellant is incapable of being reformated. The accused-appellant is in jail since 30.1.2012 and as such he has been in jail from the last about eight years. Every convict is entitled for the advantage of reformative and corrective jurisprudence.

15. Looking to the long incarceration in jail, if the sentence of the accused-appellant awarded under Section 376 I.P.C. is reduced by two years against the awarded sentence of ten years R.I. to mean eight years R.I., the ends of justice would be served. So far as the sentence of fine is concerned, the same is not disturbed, however the default sentence is reduced by four months R.I. to mean two months imprisonment against the awarded default sentence of six months. There is no need to disturb the conviction and sentence awarded under Sections 342 and 506 I.P.C.

16. In view of the above, the conviction is upheld and the sentence awarded under Section 376 I.P.C. is reduced by two years against the awarded sentence of ten years R.I. to mean eight years R.I., the ends of justice would be served. So far as the sentence of fine is concerned, the same is not disturbed, however the default sentence is reduced by four months R.I. to mean two months imprisonment against the awarded default sentence of six months. There is no need to disturb the conviction and sentence awarded under Sections 342 and 506 I.P.C.

17. With the above modification, the appeal is accordingly disposed of finally.

18. For the assistance by the learned amicus curie, Sri  Vindeshwari Prasad, he shall be paid Rs. 10,000/- as per rules of the Court.

19. Office is directed to send the certified copy of this judgment along with lower court record to the court concerned for information and necessary action.

Order Date :- 2.1.2020

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