In the High Court at Calcutta
Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction
Appellate Side
Present:-
The Hon’ble Justice Sahidullah Munshi.
And
The Hon’ble Justice Subhasis Dasgupta.
CRA No.487 of 2012
Surabuddin @ Surab Ali @ Chhrub Ali@ Sarab Ali
Vs.
State of West Bengal
For the Appellant : Mr. Dipanjan Chatterjee, Adv.
Mr. Sekhar Barman, Adv.
For the State : Mr. Binoy Kumar Panda, Adv.
Mr. Subham Kanti Bhakat, Adv.
Judgment on : 23.09.2019
Subhasis Dasgupta, J:-
This criminal appeal is directed against the judgment and order of
conviction dated 27.07.2012 and 30.07.2012 passed by learned Additional
District Sessions Judge, F.T.C. 5, Barasat in connection with Sessions Case
No. 35(9)/2008 giving rise Sessions Trial No. 07(05)/2009, convicting the
appellant under Section 376 (2) (f) of the Indian Penal Code, and thereby
sentencing the convict appellant to suffer rigorous imprisonment for life with fine
of rupees five thousand in default further rigorous imprisonment for six months.
Before we resort to address the core issues, raised in this appeal, some
salient facts, may be adumbrated hereunder.
An eleven years old girl, while carrying food with her, supplied from house,
as lunch of her father, was subjected to rape by accused person on 26.10.1995
at about 2.30 p.m. by appellant, on her way to field, where her father was
watering the agricultural land with use of pump and was expecting arrival of his
daughter taking meal for him.
While committing rape, the victim girl was taken to a nearby field with
papaya grove and appellant then ravished her over there. The father/complainant
(PW-1) was anxious about his daughter for not arrival within expected reasonable
hours, as ordinarily the victim girl would reach to her father during such time
taking food for father as lunch, while doing work in the field. The
father/complainant could not keep him waiting further for his daughter to come
by controlling his patience. He proceeded immediately thereafter, to his house
and on the way found his daughter weeping and standing on the land belonging
to Hemat Ali. The father noticed blood stain on the wearing apparels and on the
thigh of the victim girl, and on query the father could learn that accused had
ravished the victim girl forcibly, taking her to the nearby papaya grove on her
way to the field of her father from house. The victim girl sustained injury in her
private parts with an evidence of profused bleeding therefrom. She was then
taken to Barasat District Hospital first for her medical care and management and
from where she was referred to R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital for her
crisis. The victim had to be hospitalized for about seven days prior to being
discharged. Attempt was made for recording the statement of the victim girl
under Section 164 Cr.P.C., but her statement under Section 164 could not be
recorded, for the victim being severely traumatized and also being in a state of
shivering and shocking, when produced for such purpose.
The Trial Court after framing charge against the accused under Section
376(2)(f) of Indian Penal Code, in this case examined as many as ten (10)
witnesses including the parents of the victim girl (PW-1 and 3) and the Doctor,
medically examining the victim girl at Barasat Hospital at the first instance (PW-
7). The discharge certificate and medical examination report of the victim girl
being collected in this case during the investigation were marked as Exhibits 4, 7
and 8 respectively, while the FSL report submitted pursuant to the wearing
apparels of the victim stained with blood being sent for forensic examination and
report, was marked as Exhibit-9.
The court conducting the trial after collection of evidence, proceeded to
hold the appellant guilty of offence, already charged with, relying upon the
evidence of PW-1 (father of the victim/maker of the FIR), PW-3 (mother of the
victim), PW-6 (grandfather of the victim) together with medical evidence of Doctor
examining the victim girl (PW-7) and the Investigating Officers PW-8 and PW-10.
The learned advocate for the appellant assailed the order of conviction on
two fold grounds. Firstly, taking the grounds on the merits of the case, and
secondly, attracting technical points raising a plea of juvenility during the course
of this appeal and seeking relief thereunder, as per Amendment Act 33 of 2006,
introduced in Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, providing the benefit of juvenility, as
on the date of commission of offence, the appellant had not completed eighteen
years of age.
The points surfaced pertaining to the merits of the case were chosen by the
learned advocate for the appellant to attack the sustainability of order of
conviction by the learned Trial Judge submitting that learned Trial Judge illegally
placed much reliance upon the testimony of the PW-1, PW-3 and PW-6 in order
to base conviction in the instant case, where admittedly victim girl could not be
examined, as she had suffered death two years after she fell victim of rape; that
the witnesses being relied upon by the learned Trial Judge, like PW-1, PW-3 and
PW-6 were all interested witnesses, and as such their testimony were tainted
with biasness, accordingly should not be relied upon; that despite the possibility
of good number of village people, varying from 50 to 100 (vide cross-examination
of PW-3 and PW-6), to know about the incident, no village people came forward
lending support to the prosecution story in unfolding the prosecution version;
that the prosecution story so built up, not being a truthful account of any
incident, the two co-villagers already examined as PW-4 and PW-9 were declared
hostile to the prosecution for not having supported the prosecution case, and as
such no credence could be attached upon the testimony of the witnesses being
relied upon by learned Trial Judge in holding the appellant guilty; that though
the victim was allegedly described to have been suffered from shock, and in
consequence thereof, at the first instance, when she was put up for recording her
statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C., she was then looked to be trembling,
traumatized and shocked also, but the Investigating Agency did not venture to
record the statement of the victim girl under Section 164 Cr.P.C. at any
subsequent date, after her alleged symptoms of trembling disappeared
considerably rendering the prosecution case to be not believable; that the
discharge of vaginal blood from the private parts of the victim girl might be
possible during menstruation or falling from hard surface, which stood
sufficiently demonstrated in the cross-examination of the Doctor examining the
victim girl at the first instance in the Emergency of Barasat District Hospital, the
Trial Judge ought to have disbelieved the slight hymenal abrasion so as to make
out a case of alleged forceful penetration, in the absence of any external injury
being found on the private parts of the victim girl; that the prosecution version
was highly improbable in view of the political rivalry between the parties, which
sufficiently elicited in the cross-examination of witnesses by the defense; that the
learned Trial Judge made reference to several citations in order to fortify the
order of conviction and such decisions as referred were distinguishable from the
present facts and circumstances of the case on the premises that in all such
references victim prosecutrix was examined, unlike the present one; that the
learned Trial Judge failed to appreciate the evidence of the witnesses in its real
perspective, as successfully transpired in the cross-examination of witnesses
rendering the prosecution testimony highly improbable.
As regards the technical points pertaining to the plea of juvenility raising
for the first time on 27.06.2013 by filing CRAN No. 608 of 2013, learned advocate
of the appellant submitted that in view of the Amendment Act 33 of 2006,
introduced in Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, the benefit of juvenility shall be
extended to the appellant.
Learned advocate representing the State refuting the submissions raised by
the appellant in this case supported the order of conviction and submitted that
the learned Trial Judge was justified in placing reliance upon the testimony of
father, mother and grandfather of the victim girl, whose testimony could not be
procured by reason of her death occurred about two years after the incident,
which was however, objectively testified by the medical evidence, adduced by PW-
7 examining the victim girl first at the Emergency of the District Hospital at
Barasat. Thus according to State respondent the medical examination report of
the victim girl, proved by PW-7, marked as Exhibit-4 together with the Discharge
Certificate issued by R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital (Exhibit-7) and the
medical examination report of the R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital dated
26.10.1995 (Exhibit-8) would sufficiently and objectively prove the case of
successful penetration upon the victim girl, entangling the accused to be the
perpetrator of crime.
Learned advocate for the respondent/State further submitted that the
prosecution as made out should not be disbelieved merely on account of non-
examination of the victim together with non-recording of statement of the victim
girl under Section 164 Cr. P.C., when there had been sufficient explanation
offered, as revealed from the order sheet dated 18th November, 1995, of the
Magistrate while attempting to record the statement of the victim girl under
Section 164 Cr.P.C. It was thus, proposed that when the learned Magistrate
supposed to be recording the statement of the victim girl had duly noted his
observation in the order sheet describing the victim girl to be tender aged,
suffering from shock yielding her trembling and weeping also rendering her to be
incapable of giving any statement, such observation of the Magistrate should be
treated to be sufficient explanation for not recording the statement of the victim
and the same should not be doubted on this premise anymore. It was not the
case that victim girl was deliberately suppressed from facing the witness box, as
admittedly the victim girl left this world about two years after the traumatized
incident.
Regarding plea of juvenility, it was proposed by the learned advocated for
the respondent/State that though in course of examination under Section 313
Cr.P.C., the appellant described himself to be of 25 years old young man on
13.07.2012, thereby forfeiting his right to claim of juvenility any more, but the
enquiry when having been held pursuant to the direction given earlier by the
Division Bench of this Court, the plea of juvenility could be set at rest on the
basis of enquiry report, if otherwise found to be acceptable.
We had the occasion to hear rival submissions raised by parties to this
case with respect to their arguments and counter-arguments pertaining to the
subject under reference.
The points thus raised could be addressed by the discussion made
hereinbelow.
The father of the victim girl PW-1 lodged FIR on 26.10.1995 at about 18.20
hrs. The date of occurrence was on 26.10.1995, at about 2.00-2.30 p.m. The
father/complainant had studied up to Higher Secondary Examination, (revealed
from cross-examination of the PW-1). At the relevant point of time PW-1 was
watering the agricultural land with use of pump set. The house of PW-1 is
situated not in close proximity with the place of occurrence. It is, however,
intervened by a considerable distance. PW-1 on the fateful day of the incident
was expecting arrival of his daughter taking lunch for him, supplied from his
house, as ordinarily the meal of PW-1 used to be reached by his daughter during
lunch time. PW-1/father became worried for his daughter not coming to field
within the reasonable expected hours of arrival. The tension of the father then
mounted up, consequently the father stopped the pump set and proceeded
towards his house. The father on his way to his house, found his daughter
weeping under papaya tree on a land belonging to Hemat Ali. The father found
blood stain on her thigh and wearing apparels also. On interrogation, the PW-
1/father could learn that appellant had committed rape on her. PW-3/mother on
query similarly could learn after the occurrence, that appellant had ravished her
daughter on her way to the field, where her father was watering the land for
agricultural purpose, at a place, as disclosed by PW-1/father himself, already
mentioned in the FIR. The bewildered parents then took their daughter to
Panchayat member (PW-2/the scribe) and thereafter went to Barasat Hospital,
wherefrom the victim girl was referred to R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital.
PW-6 the grandfather of the victim girl, similarly could learn about the
incident on being interrogated from the victim girl.
According to the appellant, the testimony of PW-1, PW-3 and PW-6 ought
not to have been relied upon by the Trial Judge, being parents and close relative
of the deceased, having their specific interest over the case and as such their
testimony should be ignored being tainted with biasness.
Admittedly, the testimony of the victim girl could not be procured in this
case, as she left this world about two years after the incident. Whether the victim
suffered her death being traumatized or in consequence of the injury sustained,
both physically and mentally, as a rape victim, which in our view, might be an
extraneous consideration for the purpose of decision of this appeal, but the
significant fact is that the parents of the victim like PW-1, PW-3 had their
occasion first to know about the incident, and before whom the victim
immediately after the occurrence made disclosure, naming the perpetrator of the
crime including the place of occurrence and the manner in which she had been
ravished. The parents thus gathered direct knowledge over the impact of forceful
penetration caused by the appellant, to their daughter, found not only on the
person of the deceased like thigh, but also on the wearing apparels of the
daughter, which were ultimately produced before the Investigating Officer for FSL
examination and report.
The cross-examination of the PW-1 and PW-2 failed to shake the
spontaneity and immediacy of the statement made by the victim girl to her
parents disclosing the name of the perpetrator of the crime, which however, left
no chance of fabrication. Such statement of the victim girl in the form of
disclosure entangling the appellant to be a perpetrator of the crime being
incidental and almost contemporaneous with the acts alleged requiring decision
in this appeal, in the given circumstances of the case, would naturally pose a
question begging answer from us as to whether the statement of the victim girl,
whose evidence could not be procured by reason of her death, could become
admissible under Section 6 of the Evidence Act or not.
Section 6 of the Evidence Act is an exception to the general rule
whereunder the hearsay evidence becomes admissible. The purpose of
incorporating Section 6 in the Evidence Act is to complete the missing link, in
order to admit hearsay evidence.
Privy Council considered the extent up to which the rule of res gestae can
be allowed as an exception to the inhibition against hearsay evidence in the case
of Teper v. R [(1952) 2 All ER 447]. The observation made therein may be
mentioned as hereunder:
“The rule that in a criminal trial hearsay evidence is admissible if it
forms of the res gestae is based on the propositions that the human
utterance is both a fact and means of communication and that human
action may be so interwoven with words that the significance of the action
cannot be understood without the correlative words and the dissociation
of the words from the action would impede the discovery of the truth. It is
essential that the words sought to be proved by hearsay should be, if not
absolutely contemporaneous with the action or event, at least so clearly
associated with it that they are part of the thing being done, and so an
item or part of the real evidence and not merely a reported statement.”
It would be profitable here for our present purpose to refer Section 6 of the
Evidence Act which runs as follows:
“Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction.–Facts
which,
though not in issue, are so connected with a fact in issue as to form part
of the same transaction, are relevant, whether they occurred at the same
time and place or at different times and places.”
The Apex Court in the case of Gentela Vijayvardhan Rao vs. State of
Andhra Pradesh reported in (1996) 6 SCC 241 had the occasion to consider the
principle behind the rule of res gestae evidence.
It was observed in such decision that the principle of law embodied in
Section 6 of Evidence Act is usually known as res gestae recognized in English
law. The essence of the doctrine is that a fact which, though not in issue, is so
connected with the fact in issue ‘as to form part of the same transaction’ that it
becomes relevant by itself. This rule is an exception to the general rule that
hearsay evidence is not admissible. The rationale in making certain statement or
fact admissible under Section 6 of the Evidence Act is on account of the
spontaneity and immediacy of such statement or fact in relation to the fact in
issue. But it is necessary that such fact or statement must be the part of the
same transaction. In other words, such statement must have been made
contemporaneous with the acts which constitute the offence or at least
immediately thereafter. But if there was an interval, however slight it may be,
which was sufficient enough for fabrication, then the statement is not part of res
gestae.
In the case of Sukhar vs. State of Uttar Pardesh reported in (1999) 9
SCC 507, the Apex Court propounded the exposition of law laying down that the
Section 6 of the Evidence Act is exception to the general rule, whereunder
hearsay evidence becomes admissible. But for bringing such hearsay evidence
within the provisions of Section 6, what is required to be established is that it
must be almost contemporaneous with the acts and there should not be an
interval which would allow fabrication. The statements sought to be admitted,
therefore, as forming part of the res gestae must have been made
contemporaneously with the acts or immediately thereafter.
The Apex Court had further occasion to address such issue pertaining to
res gestae in the case of Bhairon Singh vs. State of Madhay Pradesh reported
in (2009) 13 SCC 80, wherein it was propounded that to form a particular
statement as a part of the same transaction, utterances must be simultaneous
with the incident and/or substantially contemporaneous that is made either
during or immediately before or after its occurrence.
Applying the ratio of the aforesaid cases to the evidence of PW-1 and PW-3,
we are of considered view that we are not left with any hesitation in coming to the
conclusion that the statement of victim girl made to her parents immediately
after the occurrence, which was not only intimately connected with the fact in
issue (the fact in issue being the victim girl was ravished by appellant), but was
also instinctive reaction to the event of commission of sexual violence of an
eleven (11) years old victim girl, inspired by the excitement of occasion, or
spontaneous reaction thereof, and further such statement having made almost
contemporaneously immediately after the occurrence noticing father/PW-1
coming towards her and thereby providing knowledge to him as to the
commission of rape upon her including the name of perpetrator of such crime
would necessarily become admissible under Section 6 of Evidence Act. Such
statement of victim girl given to parents could not be taken to be mere narratives
of past event being made almost contemporaneously immediately after the
occurrence excluding the possibility of any deliberative fabrication and thereby
forming a part of res gestae under Section 6 of Evidence Act.
The natural effusion of a statement of excitement, revealed from the
disclosure of the victim girl to her parents spontaneously and immediately
entangling the appellant, as disclosed by PW-1 and PW-3 would inevitably inspire
confidence. The Trial Judge though relied upon the testimony of the PW-1, PW-
3, PW-6 describing it to be consistent, coherent, corroborative, truthful and
convincing, but failed to take notice of the provisions of Section 6 of the Evidence
Act, rendering the testimony of PW-1 and PW-3 at least to be inherently probable
upon applying the tests of res gestae evidence.
The Doctor in the Emergency of District Hospital at Barasat first examined
the victim girl on 26.10.1995 at about 7.30 p.m. for her profuse bleeding from
vagina with history of rape by the appellant. The name of the appellant, however,
stood recorded in the injury report provisionally prepared at first time in the
Emergency of Barasat District Hospital, marked as Exhibit-4, what was earlier
disclosed by the victim girl to her father immediately after the occurrence. Since,
the vaginal bleeding of the victim girl could not be brought under control after
getting her admitted in the hospital, she was referred to R.G. Kar Medical College
and Hospital for better medical attention and management. She was discharged
on 01.11.1995 from the hospital for her sufferings caused from vaginal injury
consequent upon sexual assault. The sufferings of the victim girl was in
consequence of sexual assault giving rise to her vaginal bleeding, and the same
was successfully noted in the discharge certificate (Exhibit-7). In the medical
examination report of the victim (marked as Exhibit-8) slight hymeneal abrasion
was detected without any evidence of causing external injury in the private parts
of the victim girl. In the cross-examination to Doctor (PW-7), a suggestion was
put to Doctor whether vaginal bleeding was possible during menstruation or
falling from hard surface, which was replied in affirmative. In the absence of any
case being developed during cross-examination, even by putting suggestion to
witnesses in the form of denial examined by prosecution, that the victim girl had
the occasion to fall down from hard surface during her menstrual period, there
could not be any reasonable nexus between the suggestion given to the doctor
with that of the Hymeneal abrasion found in the private parts of the victim, said
to be the prime case of uncontrolled profused bleeding from the vagina. The
testimony of PW-1 and PW-3 being reliable on application of the tests as laid
down in Section 6 of the Evidence Act, received substantial objective ratification
and corroboration from the medical evidence, testified by PW-7 and medical
documents, marked as Exhibit 4, 7 and 8 respectively. Non-appearance of semen
found on the wearing apparels of victim girl would be without any significance,
because proof of forceful penetration is sine qua non to the proof of charge
under Section 376 I.P.C. though sent for FSL and report. Prosecution case would
not be rendered improbable vide Exhibit-9, because forceful penetration being
the prime criteria for determination of offence of rape, absence of semen would
not cause much help to appellant.
The settled proposition of law is that merely because a victim is dead and
consequently could not be examined can never be a ground of acquittal, if there
is otherwise evidence available, proving the criminal act of accused concerned.
Such proposition of law came to be decided by the Apex Court in the case of
State of Karnataka vs. Mahabaleshwar Gourya Naik reported in AIR (1992)
SC 2043 as referred by the State respondent. In our considered view, the
omission of a rape victim to narrate the incident of rape, if goes clearly
explainable, could not be taken to be fatal for the prosecution, simply because
the victim was not examined to testify the allegation of having committed rape on
her will not render the prosecution case to be thrown overboard, when there is
sufficient evidence, as discussed hereinabove to connect the injury sustained in
the private parts of the victim girl with that of the act complained of. On such
premise, learned advocate state/respondent referring decision delivered in the
case of Rafiq vs. State of Uttar Pradesh, reported in AIR 1981 SC 559,
submitted that for want of corroboration of prosecutrix, the prosecution case
could not be falsified on the ground that corroboration as a condition for judicial
reliance on the testimony of prosecutrix is not a rule of law, but a guidance of
prudence under given circumstances.
True it is that Trial Judge considered some of the judgments like (2012) 1
SCC (Cri.) 240 delivered in the case of Mohd. Imran Khan vs. State
Government (NCT of Delhi), (2004) Cal. CrLR (Cal) 1993, (1996) 2 SCC 384
delivered in the case of State of Punjab vs. Gurmit Singh Ors., AIR 2005 SC
2327 delivered in the case of State of Rajasthan vs. Biram Lal, 2003 Cri.LJ
962 delivered in the case of Prem @ Ballu vs. State of Haryana, 2008 Cri.LJ
3543, delivered in the case of Moti Lal vs. State of M.P. in order to fortify the
conviction, wherein victim prosecutrix adduced her evidence, unlike the present
case, but the same could not be allowed to operate as prime ground to dislodge
the conviction, because what the Trial Judge did, he simply endeavoured to
ascertain the principle and proposition of law, without caring about the
applicability of such proposition of law over such facts. On applying our anxious
consideration on the issues under reference, we are of our considered view that
the conviction, as recorded by the learned court below cannot be shaken to doubt
for making irrelevant adherence to such citations, not strictly applicable to the
facts and circumstances of this case, when evidence is otherwise available to
affirm the conviction relying upon some convincing evidence, placed on the
record.
Argument was raised by the learned advocate for the appellant that the
Trial Judge illegally proceeded to derive capital from a decision rendered in the
case of State of Karnataka vs. Mahabaleshwar Gourya Naik (supra), in order
to establish that merely because of non-examination of the victim or victim being
died consequently could not be the ground of acquittal in the given set of
circumstances. Referring paragraph 3 of such decision, learned advocate for the
appellant endeavoured to distinguish such judgment from present text involved
in this case submitting that in the referred case there was an eye witness like,
PW-4, who found the convict standing there under a tree raising his underwear
and seeing his appearance, the convict ran away from that place. Having relied
upon such undemolished evidence of eye witness, like PW-4, the court
proceeded to base conviction, even in absence of victim prosecutrix being
examined in this case. The case in hand is bereft of any eye witness, like the
factual matrix covered in the case of State of Karnataka (supra). But the ratio
decided in such case could be easily applied over the facts and circumstances of
the case, as already relied upon by the State respondent in the instant case.
An attempt was made by the learned advocate for the appellant to discredit
the testimony of PW-1, PW-3 and PW-6 by describing the same to be tainted with
some biasness, but the significant fact is that there could not be any invariable
rule that interested evidence can never form the basis of conviction, unless
corroborated to a material extent in material particulars by independent
evidence. PW-1, PW-3 and PW-6 by reason of their relationship with the victim
girl are ordinarily natural witness, who may be close relative of the victim, but
cannot be regarded as interested witness, in the absence of their any interest in
having the appellant convicted for some animus or some other reason. In the
cross-examination to witness, it was endeavoured to show the political rivalry
between the parties which both PW-1 and PW-2 boldly refuted the suggestion,
put to that effect during cross-examination.
Admittedly, the complainant party had their belief towards the political
ideology of C.P.M party, while the accused had his liking and fascination towards
opponent political party, namely Trinamool Congress. The cross-examination of
the witnesses transpired nothing revealing nature and extent of political enmity
and the gravity of political hostility between the parties, without which the plea
taken by defense to have been falsely implicated is far from belief. In such
background the testimony of PW-1 and PW-3 was rightly relied upon by the Trial
Judge in convicting the appellant in the absence of any apparent infirmity or
inconsistency found in their testimony adduced before the court.
While conducting rape trial, the court is expected to examine the broader
probabilities of a case, not being swayed away by minor contradictions or
insignificant discrepancies in the statement of the witnesses, which are not of a
fatal nature to throw out allegations of rape.
Such observation was made by the Apex Court in the Case of State of
Punjab vs. Gurmit Singh reported in (1996) 2 SCC 384. In the absence of
apparent infirmities or discrepancy, the prosecution story of having committed
rape upon the victim girl, who is no more at this world, is believable being
inherently probable, as established from the testimony of PW-1, PW-3 and PW-
7(doctor examining the victim and furnishing medical report of the victim girl).
While making appreciation of the case in the perspective of broader
probabilities after application of the test of close scrutiny of the testimony of PW-
1, PW-3, if not PW-6, we are of considered opinion that the same is intrinsically
reliable or inherently probable in the absence of any successful case being made
out in the cross-examination.
The conviction thus, cannot be disturbed in any manner whatsoever for the
discussion made hereinabove and as such the same must be sustained.
The juvenility was admittedly claimed for the first time in an appeal before
this court on 27.06.2013, furnishing school leaving certificate of the appellant,
issued on 07.08.2012, while the order of conviction was recorded on 30th July,
2012. The court for determination of the plea of juvenility called for a report from
the Trial Judge, which held enquiry in terms of the provisions of the Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, and the rules framed
thereunder. In course of conducting enquiry by the Trial Court, the appellant was
subjected to ossification test and as per ossification report, the appellant was less
than seventeen (17) years but more than eighteen (18) years old on 26.10.1995
i.e., on the date of occurrence. The Division Bench of this court by its order dated
14.03.14 upon considering the decision of Hari Ram vs. State of Rajasthan
reported in (2009) 13 SCC 211, proceeded to accept report so as to extend the
benefit of the new Act, giving due treatment to him to be juvenile. Ultimately, on
31.03.2014 the appellant was directed to be released on bail after the submission
of such enquiry report pertaining to the juvenility of the appellant.
Learned advocate for the appellant taking the plea of juvenility submitted
that since the appellant was juvenile on the date of commission of offence,
because he had not completed eighteen (18) years of age on the date of
occurrence of offence, the appellant would be entitled to get the benefit of
provisions under Section 2(l), 7-A, 20 and 64 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000. It
was further argued by the appellant that according to Amendment Act 33 of 2006
in the Act, the benefit of of juvenility shall be extended to the appellant.
The Amendment Act 33 of 2006 came into effect from 1st April, 2001, which
provides that a (Juvenile) means a person who has not completed eighteen (18)
years of age as substituted for sixteen (16) years, which was earlier position
under the old Act of 1986.
Reference was made by appellant to three decisions, out of which two were
rendered by the Apex Court in the case of Amit Singh vs. State of
Maharashtra anr. reported in (2011) 13 SCC 744, in the case of Abuzar
Hossain @ Gulam Hossain vs. State of West Bengal reported in (2012) 10
SCC 489 and a judgment delivered by Division Bench of this Court in the case of
Aurangajeb Alam @ Guddu vs. State of West Bengal reported in (2007) 2 C
Cr LR (Cal) 513 in support of plea of juvenility so as to get the protection of
juvenility by reason of introduction of Amendment Act 33 of 2006, with effect
from 1st April, 2001.
The court holding the enquiry doubted the school leaving certificate of the
appellant, issued on 07.08.2012 , Ration Card of the appellant, issued on
30.08.1996 and the Voter’s Identity Card, produced in course of the enquiry, for
want of original birth certificate being produced together with the manipulation
caused in the entry of the school while issuing school leaving certificate, evident
form the conspicuous overwriting, found against the entry of name of the
appellant. The appellant was subjected to ossification test, held on 29.11.2013.
As per the ossification report, the age of the appellant was described to be less
than seventeen (17) years, but more than seven (7) years on 26.10.1995, i.e, the
date of commission of offence. The enquiry for the determination of the age of the
appellant in support of the plea of juvenility is supposed to be held under the
provisions of Section 2(l), Section 7A read with Rule 12 of the Juvenile Justice
Rules, 2007. The documents to be relied upon, while determining the age of a
juvenile in conflict with law, have been specifically mentioned in Rule 12(3)(a) (i)
(ii) (iii). None of the documents mentioned in Rule 12(3(a) being furnished,
indicative of recording the age of the juvenile, the court conducting enquiry
proceeded to make reliance upon the ossification test report of the appellant.
Thought the court conducting the enquiry failed to record a finding
conspicuously in so may words in determination of the age of the appellant, as
laid down under Section 7A of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, but in the absence
of any other convincing documents being produced, the finding as to the age of
the appellant on the date of commission of offence could be easily ascertainable
and inferred also in context with the provisions, shown in Rule 12 of Juvenile
Justice Rules, 2007.
A medical report in determination of age of a person is not conclusive in
nature. After a certain age, it becomes difficult to determine age of a person on
the basis of ossification test or other tests. The opinion of the Medical Officer is to
assist the court and the report submitted by the Medical Officer assumes of an
advisory character. Upon consideration of the limitation of the medical report
pertaining to the age determination of a person, it is settled proposition of law
that it should be given flexibility of two years on either side.
The enquiry report determining the age of a juvenile as per Rule 12 of
Juvenile Justice Rules, 2007, shall be construed to be conclusive proof of age of
a juvenile in conflict with law, now under reference. As has already discussed
that the court conducting enquiry in the absence of convincing documents,
doubted the documents produced for ascertaining the age of the appellant,
providing sufficient reasons, so in the given set of facts, the court conducting
enquiry had to place reliance on the ossification test report of the appellant,
describing the appellant to be less than seventeen (17) years but more than seven
(7) years on the date of commission of offence.
Now the point requiring decision is if such report could be safely
considered or not.
A reference to Exhibit-8 (medical examination report of the victim girl held
on 26.10.1995) would clear the doubt, surfaced on this field. The description of
appellant including his age was recorded by the doctor according to the
information furnished by the patient party, and in particular by the mother of
the victim girl, while subjecting victim girl to medical examination. The doctor
thus, while recording a sexual assault by appellant described the age of the
appellant to be seventeen (17) years old. Such information indeed was furnished
not at the instance of the convict appellant, but supplied at the instance of the
mother (PW-3) of the victim girl. By doing necessary correlation of Exhibit-8 with
that of the enquiry report, determining the age of the appellant on the basis of
ossification test report, the appellant could be safely taken to be a juvenile within
the meaning of Section 2(l) of Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, and also in application
of Amendment Act 33 of 2006, entitled to be protected as per ratio laid down in
the case of Amit Singh (supra) as rightly referred by the appellant, extending the
benefit of juvenility to a juvenile who had not completed age of eighteen years on
01.04.2001, and also further providing retrospectivity in its application to the
Act. In view of the ratio laid down in the case of Abuzar Hossain @ Gulam
Hossain (supra), the claim of juvenility could be raised at any stage even after
the final disposal of the case. It thus could be raised for the first time before a
court of appeal even after final disposal of the case. The right forfeiting the claim
of juvenility as initially submitted by State respondent, is not an acceptable
proposition of law. In view of the decision of Division Bench of this court
rendered in the case of Aurangajeb Alam @ Guddu (supra), the benefit of
margin of error goes in favour of the accused.
In the case of Amit Singh, the ratio decided by the Apex Court, in the case
of Hari Ram vs. State of Rajasthan reported in (2009) 13 SCC 211 and a
decision of Constitution Bench in Pratap Singh vs. State of Jharkhand
reported in (2005) 3 SCC 551 were duly considered. The Constitution Bench in
Pratap Singh’s case held the benefit of juvenility cannot be extended to the
person who has completed eighteen (18) years of age as on 01.04.2001, i.e, the
date of enforcement of the Act. The legislature brought about Amendment Act 33
of 2006 in such background. After the decision of the Constitution Bench in
Pratap Singh case, the Apex Court further in the case of Hari Ram (supra)
considered the question of law in the light of Amendment Act 33 of 2006.
In the case of Hari Ram (Supra) the Apex Court decided the ratio
observing that as per Sections 2(k), 2(l), 7-A of the 2000 Act and Rule 12 of the
2007 Rules read with Section 20 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 as amended in
2006, a juvenile who had not completed eighteen years on the date of
commission of the offence, is also entitled to the benefits of the Juvenile Justice
Act, 2000, as if the provisions of Section 2(k) had always been in existence even
during the operation of the 1986 Act. The said position has been re-emphasized
by virtue of the amendments introduced in Section 20 of the 2000 Act whereby
the proviso and Explanation were added to Section 20, which make it even more
explicit that in all pending cases, including trial, revision, appeal and any other
criminal proceedings in respect of a juvenile in conflict with law, the
determination of juvenility of such a juvenile would be in terms of Section 2(l) of
the 2000 Act, and the provisions of the Act would apply as if the said provisions
had been in force when the alleged offence was committed.
Thus, upon applying the ratio of Amit Singh’s case originating from the
case of Hari Ram vs. State of Rajasthan (supra) the appellant would be
entitled to get the benefit of protections under Sections 2(l), 7-A, 20 and 64 of the
Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, because on the date of commission of offence,
appellant was below eighteen (18) years of age as per definition of juvenile, found
in Section 2(l) read with Section 7-A of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000.
The only question, next fell for determination was if appellant could be
referred to Juvenile Justice Board for appropriate sentence permissible under the
Act even after maintaining the order of conviction or not.
By reason of the introduction of Section 7-A in the Juvenile Justice Act,
2000, with the aid of Amendment Act 33 of 2006 it is thus crystal clear that the
prohibition upon the court for conducting trial of a juvenile for commission of an
offence is absolute. There is no option but to deal with the juvenile in accordance
with the provisions of the Juvenile Justice Act. Failure to do so would be contrary
to the specific statutory provision and result in violation of statutory provisions
and denial of legal protection to the juvenile.
Section 20 of Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 refers to case where a person had
ceased to be a juvenile under the 1986 Act, but had not yet crossed the age of
eighteen (18) years, then the pending case shall continue in the ordinary court as
if the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 has not been passed, and if the court finds that
the juvenile has committed an offence, it shall record such finding and instead of
passing any sentence in respect of the juvenile, shall forward the juvenile to the
Juvenile Board, who shall pass order in respect of the juvenile. Section 20
enables the court to consider and determine the juvenility of a person even after
conviction by a regular court and also empowers the court while maintaining
conviction to set aside the sentence imposed and forward the case to the Board
concerned for passing sentence in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
In the case of Jayendra anr. vs. State of Uttar Pradesh reported in
(1981) 4-SCC 149, the Apex Court had the occasion to address the issue
whether a convict appellant being twenty three (23) years of age on the date of
the report of his juvenility plea could be sent to special home for serving out the
sentence permissible to be awarded under Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951.
Section 29 of Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951, has strong resemblance with
Section 7-A of Juvenile Justice Act.
Section 29 provided that if the child was found to have committed an
offence, punishable with imprisonment, the court may order him to send to an
approved school, similar to a special home mentioned in Juvenile Justice Act,
2000, for a period of stay as will not exceed his attaining age of eighteen years.
The Apex Court thus considered in such case, that he could not be sent to the
approved school, when Jayendra was of twenty three (23) years age on the date of
report of juvenility plea, in view of the provision of 29 of Uttar Pradesh Children
Act, 1951.
Under such circumstances, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of
Jayendra and quashed the sentence imposed upon him and directed that he
should be released forth with.
In the case of Bhoop Ram vs. State of Uttar Pradesh Reported in (1989)
3 SCC 1, a report was called for from the Trial Court to determine as to whether
the accused was juvenile or not, which reported that the accused was not
juvenile on the date of occurrence, but the court differing with the report came to
the conclusion that the accused was juvenile on the date of offence and he was
no longer a juvenile on the date of judgment of the court, and the sentence
awarded against him was set aside, though conviction was upheld.
The principle and reasoning offered in the case of Jayendra anr.
(supra) were followed in the case of Bhoop Ram vs. State of Uttar Pradesh
(supra), when it was found by the Apex Court that on the date of the
consideration of the appeal by the Supreme Court, the appellant Bhoop Ram
was aged more than twenty eight years (28) of age, and as such there was no
question of his being sent to an approved school in accordance with the
provisions of the Uttar Pradesh Children Act, 1951, for the purpose of his
detention to serve out the sentence. The appellant thus, had crossed the
maximum age of detention at the time of consideration of issue pertaining to
juvenility. It was considered by the Apex Court that no fruitful purpose will be
served by making reference of the order of conviction to Board even after
sustaining the conviction.
In the case of Bharat Bhushan vs. State of Himachal Pradesh reported
in (2013) 11 SCC 274, it was held that the accused claiming juvenility in murder
trial convicts was required to be dealt with under Section 20 of Juvenile Justice
Act, 2000, which required the High Court to record a finding about the guilt of
the accused and to forward the juvenile to the Juvenile Board. It was also
observed that reference to the Juvenile Board at the belated stage was not
necessary for the appellant being thirty six (36) years old then and father of three
children. In such circumstances, reference to the Juvenile Justice Board at that
distant point of time was considered to serve no practical purpose.
In the instant case at hand, the enquiry report submitted by the court
determining the age of the appellant went unchallenged by the State respondent.
The Apex Court in the case of Vijendra Singh vs. State of Uttar Pradesh
reported in (2017) 11 SCC 129, upon consciously taking note of the ratio
decided in the case of Hari Ram (supra), maintained the order of conviction
upon setting aside the sentence as regards one of the appellants, out of two
appellants observing therein that remitting the matter to the Juvenile Justice
Board would be without any significance, as the appellant, whose plea of
juvenility was accepted, remained in custody for more than the maximum period
for which he could have been detained to special home, and accordingly directed
to be released from custody.
The appellant being below seventeen (17) years of age on the date of
commission of offence was no longer a juvenile, when the order of conviction was
recorded against him on 27.07.2012, though he was juvenile at the time of
commission of crime, and the appellant could be presumably taken to be thirty
four (34) years old approximately when the order of conviction was recorded
against him. Upon applying the ratio decided by the Apex Court as discussed in
the aforementioned paragraphs, we are of considered view, that it will serve no
practical purpose for such order of conviction being referred to Juvenile Justice
Board in application of Section 20 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, because the
permissible limit of age upto which a juvenile in conflict with law could be
detained in special home under Juvenile Justice Board has already been elapsed,
so far the appellant is concerned.
We thus dispose of the appeal treating the appellant as juvenile on the date
of commission of offence after sustaining the conviction but upon setting aside
the sentence passed against him.
Urgent certified copy of this order, if applied for, be given to the appearing
parties as expeditiously as possible upon compliance with the all necessary
formalities.
Office is directed to send down lower court’s record along with copy of the
judgment for communication to the learned concerned court below through the
concerned District Judge.
I agree.
(Sahidullah Munshi, J.) (Subhasis Dasgupta, J.)