$-
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Judgment reserved on: 11.07.2018
% Judgment delivered on: 07.08.2018
+ CRL.A. 510/2018
THE STATE GOVT OF NCT OF DELHI ….. Appellant
Through: Mr. Rajesh Mahajan, ASC with Mr.
Rajat Katyal, APP with Insp. Ajay
Kumar, ASI Tuli Ram, PS Badarpur
versus
KHURSHEED ….. Respondent
Through: Ms. Mallika Parmar, Advocate
DHCLSC
CORAM:
HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE VIPIN SANGHI
HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE P.S. TEJI
JUDGMENT
VIPIN SANGHI, J.
1. The State has preferred the present appeal upon grant of leave to assail
the judgment dated 24.11.2016 rendered by the learned Additional Sessions
Judge-01, South East District, New Delhi in Case No. 1808/ 16, Sessions
Case No. 209/ 13, arising out of FIR No. 369/ 2013 registered at Police
Station- Badarpur under Sections 376 IPC and Section 4 of the POCSO Act.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 1 of 59
2. By the impugned judgment, the Trial Court has acquitted the
Respondent/ Accused- Khursheed, inter alia, on the premise that the
testimony of the prosecutrix was untrustworthy due to various improvements,
contradictions and inconsistencies in the same. The trial court held that the
accused has cast serious doubts on the case of the prosecution and raised a
possibility of false implication.
3. The case of the prosecution is that on 15.10.2013 at 6:15 PM, W/SI
Krishna vide DD 39A, met with the complainant- Sheela Devi (PW8) and her
daughter aged 8 years- prosecutrix (PW1), at PS Badarpur. The complainant
stated that she lived with her 2 daughters and 3 sons in a rented
accommodation at H. No. 316, Ajju Colony, Badarpur, New Delhi. On the
said day, when the complainant returned home from her job around 3:00 PM,
her daughter- prosecutrix, who was a student of 4th class in a government
school was missing from their house. She started searching for her daughter
and upon suspicion, she went to the nearby room of Khursheed and pushed
open the door of his room. She found that the accused Khursheed had put the
prosecutrix on the floor and had removed her lower clothes. She added that
Khursheed had also removed his own pant and was lying over the prosecutrix.
The complainant pushed him away, upon which he ran away from the spot
after wearing his pant. She further stated that she was informed by the
prosecutrix herself that the accused- Khursheed had taken her to his room on
the pretext of giving her a toffee, but instead, committed rape upon her and
when she started raising noise, the accused had put his hand on her mouth.
4. On the statement of the complainant, the case was registered and
investigated. The prosecutrix and the accused were got medically examined.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 2 of 59
Samples were collected by the doctor during examination of accused and the
victim, which were also seized. The accused was arrested and produced before
the Court. The statement of the victim was also got recorded before the
learned Magistrate under section 164 Cr.P.C. Upon completion of
investigation, the charge- sheet for the offences punishable under section 376
IPC and Sections 4 of the POCSO Act was filed before the Additional
Sessions Judge, Saket Court, New Delhi. The court framed charge against the
accused under section 376 IPC and section 6 POCSO Act to which the
accused pleaded not guilty and claimed trial.
5. To prove the charge, the prosecution examined 11 witnesses in all,
including PW1- victim/ prosecutrix; PW2 Dr. Piyush Sharma- the doctor who
examined the accused; PW4 Dr. Monica Gupta- the doctor who examined the
victim; PW8 complainant- mother of the prosecutrix, and; PW11 W/SI
Krishna- IO.
6. The statement of the accused was recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C
and the evidence brought on record by the prosecution to prove the charge
was put to the accused. The accused denied all evidences put to him while
recording his statement under s. 313 Cr.P.C. The accused did not lead any
evidence in his defence and alleged that he was falsely implicated in the case
on account of a dispute with the complainant- mother of prosecutrix. The trial
court, as aforesaid, has acquitted the respondent accused, and thus, the present
appeal.
7. We are mindful of the principles applicable to examination of a
judgment of acquittal in appeal. In Sheo Swarup Ors. v. The King-
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 3 of 59
Emperor, AIR 1934 PC 227 (2), the Privy Council laid down the following
principles that the High Court should follow while examining the judgment
of acquittal:
“… … … the High Court should and will always give proper
weight and consideration to such matters as (1.) the views of
the trial judge as to the credibility of the witnesses; (2.) the
presumption of innocence in favour of the accused, a
presumption certainly not weakened by the fact that he has
been acquitted at his trial; (3.) the right of the accused to the
benefit of any doubt; and (4.) the slowness of an appellate
Court in disturbing a finding of fact arrived at by a judge who
had the advantage of seeing the witnesses. To state this,
however, is only to say that the High Court in its conduct of the
appeal should and will act in accordance with rules and
principles well known and recognized in the administration of
justice.
8. The Supreme Court has ever since applied the said principles and
elaborated further on the same from time to time. In Ghurey Lal v. State of
U.P., (2008) 10 SCC 450, after analyzing the earlier decisions, the Supreme
Court in para 70 crystallised the principles that the High Court should follow
if it is going to overrule, or otherwise disturb the Trial Court‟s acquittal.
Para 70 of the said judgment reads:
―70. In light of the above, the High Court and other
appellate courts should follow the well-settled principles
crystallised by number of judgments if it is going to overrule
or otherwise disturb the trial court’s acquittal:
1. The appellate court may only overrule or otherwise disturb
the trial court’s acquittal if it has ―very substantial and
compelling reasons‖ for doing so.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 4 of 59
A number of instances arise in which the appellate court
would have ―very substantial and compelling reasons‖ to
discard the trial court’s decision. ―Very substantial and
compelling reasons‖ exist when:
(i) The trial court’s conclusion with regard to the facts is
palpably wrong;
(ii) The trial court’s decision was based on an erroneous view
of law;
(iii) The trial court’s judgment is likely to result in ―grave
miscarriage of justice‖;
(iv) The entire approach of the trial court in dealing with the
evidence was patently illegal;
(v) The trial court’s judgment was manifestly unjust and
unreasonable;
(vi) The trial court has ignored the evidence or misread the
material evidence or has ignored material documents like
dying declarations/report of the ballistic expert, etc.
(vii) This list is intended to be illustrative, not exhaustive.
2. The appellate court must always give proper weight and
consideration to the findings of the trial court.
3. If two reasonable views can be reached–one that leads to
acquittal, the other to conviction–the High Courts/appellate
courts must rule in favour of the accused.‖
9. In the aforesaid light, we proceed to examine the issue whether the
impugned judgment calls for interference by us in the present appeal.
10. Hearing in the appeal commenced on 15.05.2018. During the course
of hearing, it was brought to the notice of the court that the FSL report bearing
report No. FSL 2013/DNA-8323, DNA No. 1411/13, dated 15.05.2014,
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 5 of 59
suggested that the DNA profile generated from the semen found on the
underwear of the prosecutrix did not match the DNA profile generated from
the blood sample of the accused. We felt something amiss about the said
report, since the evidence in the case – including the statements of the
prosecutrix PW1 and her mother- eye witness PW-8, and the medical
evidence i.e. the MLC of the prosecutrix Ex.PW-4/A pointed towards the guilt
of the accused, but the said FSL report date 15.05.2014 pointed to his
innocence. Pertinently, the said FSL report was not even exhibited before the
Trial Court , though found on record. Consequently, vide our order dated
15.5.2018, we directed the Director FSL to remain present in Court on
16.05.2018. The Director was directed to produce the original complete record
pertaining to report No. FSL2013/DBA-8323, DNA No. 1411/13 dated
15.05.2014.
11. On 16.05.2018, the Director Ms. Deepa Verma and Dr. Dhruv
Sharma, Assistant Director (Biology), Head of Division appeared before the
Court alongwith the original record pertaining to this case on 16.05.2018.
After hearing the ld. Counsels, on 16.05.2018, we passed the following order:
“During the course of the hearing of the appeal, after
examining the evidence brought on record by the prosecution,
we were left with a strong feeling that there was something
amiss about the report obtained from the FSL with regard to
the DNA profiling. Pertinently, the same was not even exhibited
in the present case, though found on record. The evidence in the
case points to the guilty of the accused, whereas, the
unexhibited FSL report seeks to suggest that the DNA profile
generated from the semen found on the underwear of the
prosecutrix did not match the DNA profile generated from the
blood sample of the accused.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 6 of 59
Mr. Mahajan has brought to our notice another instance
where the initial report generated by the same officer, namely,
Ms. L. Babito Devi dated 16.04.2014 bearing report No. FSL
2013/DNA-3915 DNA No. 688/13 in respect of case FIR No.
313/12 dated 08.11.2012 registered at PS – Mahendra Park
gave a negative report and on the second occasion when the
Trial Court directed the conduct a fresh test by another officer,
the DNA profile of the underwear of the deceased matched with
the DNA profile generated from the blood gauge of the accused.
On this occasion, the report was generated by Mr. A. K.
Srivastava, Deputy Director. He also points out that there is an
issue raised with regard to the qualification of Ms. L. Babito
Devi in Nisha Thakur versus UPSC in W.P.(C) 11818/2015.
The above aspects raise concern, compelling us to adopt the
course of action that we have adopted.
Consequently, while deciding to proceed with the hearing
of the appeal in the absence of the exhibited FSL report, we
considered it necessary to summon the Director, FSL with the
original complete record pertaining to report No. FSL
2013/DNA-8323, DNA No. 1411/13 dated 15.05.2014.
The Director, Ms. Deepa Verma and Dr. Dhruv Sharma,
Assistant Director (Biology), Head of Division are present in
Court. They have also produced the original record pertaining
to this case available in their office. We may observe that the
work-sheets are available in the said file in a yellow envelope,
the seal whereof has been broken. On our query, we are
informed by Dr. Dhruv Sharma that the seal was broken after
receipt of notice of this Court so as to study the case. We had
not asked the Director, FSL or any other officer to, in any way,
tamper with the record maintained by it. The FSL routinely
deals with samples produced in sealed condition so as to
maintain its sanctity. We are, therefore, surprised that the
sealed envelope containing the work sheets should have been
opened in such a casual manner. We have, therefore, decided to
retain the work-sheets contained in the yellow envelop in this
Court. The Court Master shall have the said envelop sealed
during the course of the day with the seal of the High Court.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 7 of 59
They shall be separately preserved with the Deputy Registrar
(Criminal).
Mr. Mahajan on instructions from the IO, who is present
in Court, states that preserved samples, which are lying in the
sealed cover in the malkhana, have been brought to the Court
today.
Mr. Dhruv stated that the Y-filer test was not conducted on the
sample in the present case since the same was not considered
necessary on the basis of the result generated.
With a view to give yet another opportunity to FSL,
Delhi, to demonstrate their competence and to come clean in
the matter, we are inclined to give one more opportunity to the
FSL, Delhi to undertake fresh and detailed examination of the
preserved sample and to generate a fresh DNA analysis report
on that basis.
At the same time, we have made it clear to Director, FSL, Delhi
that the entire sample which is preserved should not be utilised
and destroyed, since the same should be available, in case,
further testing is required to be undertaken at some other
laboratory within or outside the country.
To ensure that the entire sample is not taken and
destroyed, we have requested Mr. Rajat Katyal, Additional
Public Prosecutor to be present with the IO at the FSL when
portion of the preserved sample is drawn and the remaining is
resealed and returned to the IO. He has graciously agreed to
do so.
Mr. Dhruv Sharma has submitted that the blood samples
of the prosecutrix and of the accused would also be required to
be able to prepare a proper report. Mr. Mahajan states that the
whereabouts of the prosecutrix are known. Let the blood
samples of the prosecutrix and the accused be got collected at
the appropriate Government hospital. The same be transmitted
to FSL in a sealed condition in compliance of the due
procedure. This exercise should be undertaken by tomorrow
morning itself.
Since the preserved sample has been brought to Court,
let the IO, Mr. Katyal and the officers of the FSL proceedCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 8 of 59
forthwith for drawing a portion of the preserved sample today
itself from the Court to FSL, Delhi.
The blood samples of the prosecutrix and the accused
shall be provided by tomorrow morning. The FSL should
immediately undertake the process of testing the samples and it
is hoped that that the report would be available within a week.
The original record produced by the FSL has been
returned except the work-sheets which have been preserved by
this Court.
List the matter for that purpose on 25th May, 2018. The
hearing of the appeal shall proceed independently”
12. Thus, we called for a fresh DNA report from the FSL, after drawing a
sample from the residue of the semen stained underwear of the prosecutrix,
and after obtaining a fresh blood sample from the prosecutrix and the accused.
This exercise was directed to be undertaken while making it clear that the
hearing in the appeal shall proceed, since the FSL Report found on record
dated 15.05.2014 had not been led in evidence.
13. On the date of hearing fixed in the matter i.e. 18.05.2018, the
respondent moved an application i.e. Crl.M.A. No. 9662/2018 under Section
391 Cr.P.C. for adducing additional evidence and to bring on record the FSL
report No. FSL2013/ DNA-8323, DNA No.1411/2013 dated 15.05.2014
prepared by Ms. L. Babyto Devi, Senior Scientific Officer (Biology). We
issued notice on this application to the State. Ld. Additional Standing
Counsel, Mr. Rajesh Mahajan accepted notice. We adjourned the matter for
consideration to 25.05.2018.
14. On 25.05.2018, the Director FSL and Dr. Dhruv Sharma, Assistant
Director, Biology, FSL produced a fresh DNA report before the court bearing
No. FSL 2018/B-4392, which also bore No. FSL 2018/B-4392 (FN) dated
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 9 of 59
24.05.2018 in a sealed cover and the same was taken on record. We directed
that a copy of the same be provided to Ld. counsels.
15. We directed Dr. Dhruv Sharma, Assistant Director, Biology, FSL and
L. Babyto Devi (wrongly typed as L. Babyto Ravi) to be present as court
witnesses for their examination on 29.05.2018.
16. Between 29.05.2018 and 30.05.2018 six prosecution witnesses were
examined, and cross examined viz. SI Rajiv (PW-12), SI Ved Prakash (PW-
13) and HC Mansukh (PW-14), W/Ct. Manorma (PW-15), Constable
Amrender Singh (PW-16) and Constable Aleem Khan Ali (PW-17) and they
tendered and exhibited their respective affidavits towards examination-in-
chief as Ex. PW-12/A, Ex.PW13/A, Ex. PW14/A, Ex. PW-15/A,
Ex.PW16/A, Ex. PW17/A respectively. The documents produced by them
with their respective affidavits were also exhibited. They are formal
witnesses who were instrumental, inter alia, in the process of collection of
fresh samples etc. for conduct of fresh DNA examination at FSL, Rohini,
Delhi. We shall refer to their evidence a little later.
17. On 29.05.2018, Ms. L. Babyto Devi was examined as CW-1.
Dr. Dhruv Sharma was examined as CW-2.
18. In her statement, CW-1 identified her signatures on the report bearing
No. FSL 2013/DNA-8323, DNA No. 1411/13, dated 15.05.2014, which was
exhibited as Ex. CW1/A. The worksheets in support of the report Ex.
CW1/A, which were contained in the file produced before the Court on
16.05.2018, and were directed to be kept in a sealed cover, were exhibited by
CW-1 as Ex.CW-1/D. She stated that the said worksheets Ex.CW-1/D
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 10 of 59
(comprising of 8 sheets) were prepared in respect of the examination of the
sample, in respect whereof the report Ex. CW1/A was prepared.
19. In her cross- examination, on behalf of the accused she, inter alia,
stated that:
―……….First the semen or the blood detection test is
conducted. If semen or blood is found, then the DNA
testing is done. The determination of the semen is
conducted by a test which is called as Acid Phosphatase
Test. If Semen is detected, slide is prepared to confirm
the presence of the Semen/ spermatazao…………
……….In the present case, I adopted the organic
differentiation method, which is a standard
procedure…………
…….After confirmation of the semen, we do the isolation
of the DNA to extract the DNA for testing and to separate
male and female DNA……..
………After the test was conducted, the remnants were
sealed with the seal of BDFSL, Delhi. The sealed exhibits
included the undergarment of the prosecutrix. The Y-
Filer test is conducted to determine the male ancestry of
the DNA. Y-Filer test is done in cases of rapes and gang
rapes. Y-Filer test is done in case of the semen is
positive. Y-Filer test is a supportive test to support
whether the male DNA is present. I had used the
minifiler test in the present case. Since the male profile
could not be matched, the Y-Filer test could not be
conducted. It is not mentioned in my report that there
was any putrification of the samples or
degradation/damage to the sample. If the sample had
been damaged, the same would have been mentioned in
the report.”
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 11 of 59
In reply to questions raised by the court, she further stated that:
―The semen was found in the sample. I should
have conducted the Y-Filer test but the same
was not conducted. I did not conduct the Y-
Filer test since the profile was not matched‖.
20. In her further cross examination by the accused, she stated that “I have
arrived on the conclusion in my report Ex.CW1/A on the basis of my
worksheets Ex.CW1/D. The test I conducted was a 9 marker test. I have
prepared the report after due care and caution in the present case.‖
21. CW-2 in his statement identified his signatures on the report bearing
No. FSL 2018/B-4392 BIO No. 1182/18 which also bore No. FSL 2018/B-
4392 (FN) BIO No. 1195/2018 dated 24.05.2018. In his statement he stated
that the said report Ex. CW-2/A was prepared by a board of three officers,
including himself. The other two members of the board were Ms. Manisha
Upadhyaya, Assistant Director and Ms. Seema Nair, Assistant Director. He
deposed that:
―As per our report, the male DNA profile generated by
using minifiler and identifilerplus amplification kit from
the source of exhibit-2 i.e. the underwear of prosecutrix
was found to be matching with DNA profile generated
from the source of exhibit-4 i.e. blood sample of the
accused.
Y-STR DNA profile generated from the source of
exhibit-2 i.e. underwear of prosecutrix was found to be
matching with the DNA profile generated from the
source of exhibit-4 i.e. blood sample of accused. The
female DNA profile generated from the source of exhibit-
1 i.e. microslide of prosecutrix was found to be matchingCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 12 of 59
with the DNA profile generated from the source of
exhibit-3 i.e. blood sample of victim.
I have seen Ex. CW-1/A. When the board
comprising me and the other two officers conducted the
examination, the profile generated from the underwear
of the prosecutrix was the same as one generated using
minifiler kit, when the test was conducted and the report
Ex. CW-1/A prepared. However, the profile generated
from the blood sample, using the minifiler test, of the
accused was different on the two occasions. In the first
occasion, in respect whereof Ex. CW-1/A report was
prepared, the two profiles did not match. However, on
the present occasion, the profiles matched. Thereafter,
Y-Filer test was conducted and once again, the profiles
matched and when advance identiflier plus kit was used
and test was conducted, once again the DNA profiles of
the underwear of the prosecutrix and the blood sample of
the accused matched on all the 16 markers.‖
22. CW-2 was cross examined on behalf of the accused. He, inter alia
stated:
―The semen detection was carried out to arrive at the
conclusion in my report and it is so mentioned in the report.
The parcels containing Ex.2 was sealed with the seal of the
court as mentioned in the report and the sample received
was sealed and the seal was intact. On an average, it takes
around two weeks to two months to conduct such a test.
However, the test can be completed in three days as well.
It is correct that the 9 markers used in the minifiler test
remain the same as in the 16 marker identiflier plus test,
which additionally has 7 more markers.‖
―I cannot say why there is a discrepancy between the Ex.
CW-1/A and Ex. CW-2/A. Both used different exhibits. It is
correct that the exhibits of the underwear was the same.
However, fresh blood sample of the accused was taken for
the DNA profiling of the accused.‖CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 13 of 59
23. He denied the suggestions that he or the Board had not conducted the
tests; that he did not have sufficient time to conduct the test properly; that he
has deliberately given a contrary report to the initial report; that the report
(Ex.CW-2/A) is a fabricated and false report; that the sample was tampered
with; that the sample Ex.CW-2/A was in a damaged or degenerated condition;
that the sample was degenerated when it was examined, or; that he was
deposing falsely. He also stated that since the sample consisted of cloth and
was kept in dry condition, the same would not degenerate in a period of 4½
years.
24. Since Ms. Babyto Devi had been examined as CW-1, and she exhibited
her report Ex.CW-1/A, Crl.M.A. No.9662/2018 was disposed of as
infructuous.
25. Since the prosecution had led additional evidence and the court had
examined two Court witnesses, the supplementary statement of the accused
was recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C. on the same day, i.e. 30.05.2018. All
the additional evidence was put to the accused. He admitted that he was taken
to the hospital by PW-12 and PW-16 for taking his blood sample. To all other
questions, except the second last one, he stated “I do not know”. In response
to the second last question, i.e. whether he had anything further to say, he
claimed false implication and he stated that he is innocent. When he was
lastly asked, whether he would like to lead any defence evidence, he declined
to do so.
26. Thereafter we proceeded to hear further submissions of learned
counsels, and reserved judgment.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 14 of 59
Submission of parties
27. The submission of Mr. Rajesh Mahajan, learned ASC is that the learned
ASJ has grossly erred in appreciation of the material evidence in the case. He
submits that the prosecutrix was only 8 years and 8 months old on the date of
the incident and belonged to the lower strata of the society. This aspect has
been completely ignored by the Ld. ASJ while scrutinizing the statements of
the prosecutrix. He submits that the statement of the prosecutrix recorded
under Section 164 Cr PC (Ex. PW-11/D), and the statement of the prosecutrix
recorded before the court are consistent. Minor variations, which were
inconsequential and did not shake the core of the prosecution‟s case have been
blown out of proportion and cited as reasons to discredit the prosecutrix,
whose statement was duly corroborated by eye-witness account of her mother
PW8, and the medical evidence i.e. her MLC. The prosecutrix was also not
confronted with the minor and natural variations in her statement. There was
no reason to disbelieve the statement of the prosecutrix. Mr. Mahajan submits
that the said evidence, by itself, was sufficient to find the accused guilty.
28. Mr. Mahajan has referred to the MLC of the victim Ex. PW-4/A to
submit that the trial court has erroneously neglected the opinion of PW4- Dr.
Monica Gupta, who had observed that the hymen of the victim was not intact
and that she, in fact, had fresh bruises on her thigh. Ld. Counsel submits that
the MLC of the accused Ex. PW 2/A shows that the accused was in an
inebriated condition at the time of his examination by PW2 which was done
within a few hours of the crime being witnessed by PW-8, the mother of the
prosecutrix, and the police being called.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 15 of 59
29. Mr. Mahajan submits that scientific evidence is used as corroborative
evidence. If the victim is credible, reliable and trustworthy, no corroboration
is necessary. However, in the present case, the statement of the victim is
corroborated by her mother PW-8, who is an eye witness as well as the MLC
of the prosecutrix. In support of his submission that an expert report is merely
advisory in nature, and the court must form its opinion with respect to other
corroborative evidence available on record Mr. Mahajan places reliance on
State of HP. v. Jai Lal and ors., (1999) 7 SCC 280; State of Haryana v.
Bhagirath, (1999) 5 SCC 96; Vishnu alias Undrya v. State of Maharashtra,
(2006) 1 SCC 283; Madan Gopal Kakkad v. Naval Dubey and anr., (1992) 3
SCC 2004; Dayal Singh and ors. v. State of Uttaranchal, (2012) 2 SCC 583.
30. Mr. Mahajan submits that the second FSL report Ex. CW-2/A was
called for by this court only to ascertain whether the first report Ex. CW-1/A
had been correctly made, as the said report Ex. CW-1/A pointed in the
opposite direction when compared to the other evidence available on record.
The unexhibited FSL report dated 15.05.2014 (which was subsequently
exhibited as Ex. CW-1/A) suggested that the accused was not guilty of the
offence, whereas the other evidence in the case- including testimony of the
prosecutrix; the testimony of PW-8, and; the MLC of the prosecutrix all
established beyond reasonable doubt the commission of the crime by the
accused. Mr. Mahajan submits that Ex. CW-2/A has put the matter to rest
inasmuch, as, the DNA found in the semen present in the underwear of the
prosecutrix completely matched with the DNA of the accused.
31. Mr. Mahajan submits that even when the initial test was conducted and
report Ex. CW-1/A was generated, semen was found on the underwear of the
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 16 of 59
prosecutrix. However, the male profile of the DNA generated from the semen
on the underwear, and the male profile generated from the blood sample of the
accused did not match at all. On the second occasion, when the fresh blood
sample of the accused was drawn and the tests were reconducted by the board
comprising of three scientists including CW-2, the male profile of the DNA
found in the semen on the underwear was found to be identical with DNA
profile generated at the time of preparation of Ex. CW-1/A. However, on this
occasion, the male profile of the DNA generated from the blood sample of the
accused was found to be completely matching with the male profile of the
DNA drawn from the semen found on the underwear of the prosecutrix. He
submits that the allelic data in the 2 reports with respect to the samples of
semen taken from the underwear of the prosecutrix is the same, but it is
completely different in respect of the blood samples of the accused.
32. Mr. Mahajan, therefore, submits that at some stage i.e. when the blood
sample of the accused was drawn at the hospital, or when the same was
unsealed at the FSL, the said sample of the accused was compromised, which
led to an erroneous report on the first occasion vide Ex. CW-1/A. Pertinently,
the male profile of the DNA generated from the semen stained underwear of
the prosecutrix has remained the same on both occasions i.e. when the report
Ex. CW-1/A was prepared, and when the subsequent report Ex. CW-2/A was
prepared by the FSL. Thus, Mr. Mahajan submits that the first report Ex.
CW-1/A is liable to be rejected as the same was founded upon a compromised
sample of the blood drawn from the accused.
33. He argues that the second FSL report dated 24.05.2018, must be
preferred over the first FSL report, as the former is founded upon a blood
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 17 of 59
sample which does not appear to belong to the accused. Thus, it is not a case
of two interpretations, or even two different expert reports on the same
samples, but a case of two reports- the first being founded upon a partially
incorrect data/ sample viz. the blood sample which- as it now transpires, was
not of the accused. He submits that the second FSL report Ex. CW-2/A is
supported by the evidence of the prosecutrix PW-1 and eye-witness- PW8,
which are both reliable and trustworthy. Mr. Mahajan further argues that if the
direct evidence is satisfactory and reliable, the same cannot be rejected based
on medical expert report. Reliance is placed on Anil Rai v. State of Bihar,
(2001) SCC (Cri) 1009; Punjab Singh v. State of Haryana, AIR 1984 SC
1233. He also places reliance on Piara Singh and ors. v. State of Punjab,
AIR 1977 SC 2274 to submit that where multiple contradictory reports have
been produced before the court by two or more equally competent medical
experts, then the court must consider the report which supports the direct
evidence in the case.
34. Mr Mahajan submits that the trial court failed to raise the statutory
presumption against the accused of his involvement in the commission of the
offence under sections 29 and 30 of the POCSO Act. Reliance is placed on M.
Narsinga Rao v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 2001 SC 318; Shamnsahib
M. Multtani v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2001 SC 921; Dhanvantrai B. Desai
v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1964 SC 575; M/s Sodhi transport Company v.
State of UP, AIR 1986 SC 1009. He submits that the accused failed to rebut
the statutory presumption by leading any evidence, or by probablising a
defence.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 18 of 59
35. Mr. Mahajan draws the attention of the court to Section 53A of Cr PC,
which permits the medical examination of an accused in a rape case, and also
permits the drawing of materials/ samples from the person of the accused for
DNA profiling. He submits that the accused could not have objected to his
blood samples being drawn and, as a matter of fact, he has not objected to the
same on any occasion.
36. On the other hand, Ms. Mallika Parmar learned counsel for the
respondent- Khursheed firstly submits that as per the arrest memo, the
respondent- Khursheed was arrested at 7:30PM from his own house No. 316,
Ajju colony, Badarpur, New Delhi. She argues that if the respondent had, in
fact, committed the offence, he would have absconded, instead of waiting for
the police to arrest him from his own house. This reflects on the clear
conscience of the accused.
37. Ms. Parmar submits that there are many inconsistencies in the case of
the prosecution. She submits that in her complaint/ rukka forming basis of the
FIR Ex. PW-5/A, the mother of the prosecutrix PW-8 stated that when she
returned to her room at about 3:00 p.m. and did not find the prosecutrix, she
searched for her in the nearby areas and she noticed that the room of the
accused was closed. She stated that she had some doubt, so she pushed the
door of the room of the accused and she saw that the accused had laid
prosecutrix on the floor and he had removed the lower clothes worn by the
prosecutrix. He had also lowered his own pant and he was lying on top of the
prosecutrix. He had covered the mouth of the prosecutrix with one hand.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 19 of 59
38. However, in her testimony, PW-8 stated that on the date of occurrence
when she was searching for her daughter- the prosecutrix, she noticed that on
one room, on which, usually there was a lock in the day time, on that day
there was no lock outside the door of the room and therefore she got
suspicious. She pushed the door. However, it was found to be locked from
inside. Thereafter, she pushed the window of the room and due to force, the
window got opened and she saw the accused lying over the prosecutrix. After
seeing PW-8, the accused opened the door of the room and ran away from the
spot.
39. Ms. Parmar submits that the sequence and version narrated by PW-8
while recording her testimony was at variance with that in her statement
recorded by the police in the rukka Ex. PW-8/A. PW-8 had claimed that a
piece of the glass window had broken and she had also got injured in her
finger, but no broken glass piece was recovered, and there is no evidence of
any injury suffered by PW-8.
40. Ms. Parmar further submits that the prosecutrix gave a different version
of the incident when her statement was recorded before the court as PW-1.
She stated that her mouth was closed by the accused with his hand when he
took her forcibly into his room. He removed his hand after entering the room.
She voluntarily stated that the accused slapped her and closed her mouth with
a cloth which is worn on head. He tied her hands at the back and also tied her
legs. He used his 3-4 gamchas for this. The prosecutrix stated that she
opened the door after releasing herself and opening her hands using the teeth
while the accused hid himself behind the chowki.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 20 of 59
41. Ms. Parmar submits that the version given by the prosecutrix with
regard to gamchas being used to tie her up was introduced for the first time by
the prosecutrix when her statement was recorded before the court. No such
statement was made by the prosecutrix either under Section 164 Cr PC, or by
the complainant while recording the rukka Ex. PW-8/A. No gamcha was
found by PW-11/I.O. as narrated by her in her cross examination recorded on
02.09.2016.
42. Ms. Parmar submits that the recovery of the undergarment of the
prosecutrix is doubtful. Ms. Parmar further submits that when the statement
of the prosecutrix was recorded before the court on 21.01.2016, she stated that
her mother had thrown away the frock and ghagri that she was wearing at the
time of the incident, as all the buttons of the same were broken and the clothes
were torn. However, the I.O. stated that the clothes worn by the prosecutrix at
the time of the offence were taken by the complainant and handed over to the
doctor. She improved her statement by stating that only the underwear of the
prosecutrix was handed over by the complainant to the doctor. No blood stain
was found on the underwear of the prosecutrix when it was handed over to the
doctor. She submits that had penetrative sexual assault been perpetrated on
the prosecutrix, there would have been blood stains on the underwear of the
prosecutrix, which was not the case.
43. At one place, the prosecutrix described her dress as frock as ghagri,
while at a later stage (when her cross examination was conducted on
19.02.2016), she stated that the frock and ghagri- which she had described in
her previous deposition, were her school uniform. The shirt was of sky blue
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 21 of 59
colour and ghagri (skirt) was of blue colour. Thus, there were variations and
contradictions in the statements of the prosecutrix, on material aspects.
44. Ms. Parmar submits that since there are two reports prepared by the
FSL- one which points to his innocence, and the other to his guilt, the one in
his favour ought to be relied upon, as the accused is entitled to the benefit of
the doubt.
45. Ms. Parmar points out that the prosecutrix in her statement recorded
before the court had stated that her mother tutored her to depose the facts as
she was not remembering the same completely. She stated “My mother told
me to depose the facts as I was not remembering the same completely. Thus,
the prosecutrix PW-1 was a tutored witness who did not depose the facts on
her own recollection. She cannot be relied upon as she is not credible.
46. Ms. Parmar has further argued that a presumption under Sections 29
and 30 of POCSO Act cannot be raised against the respondent/ accused,
because the prosecution is bound to establish its own case first, before the
onus is shifted upon the accused. In this regard, she places reliance on Sahid
Hossain Biswas v. State of West Bengal, (2017) 3 CALLT 243 (HC),
wherein it was held that “…..It is, therefore, an essential prerequisite that the
foundational facts of the prosecution case must be established by leading
evidence before the aforesaid statutory presumption (u/s 29, 30) is triggered
in to shift the onus on the accused to prove the contrary”.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 22 of 59
Discussion
47. On the aspect of age of the prosecutrix, the prosecution has proved the
discharge summary of Safdarjung Hospital Ex PW 3/B, which shows the date
of birth (D.O.B.) of the prosecutrix as 20.02.2005 at 10:15am. The
prosecution examined Mrs. Neelam Sharma- PW3, who deposed that she had
examined the original birth certificate of the prosecutrix issued by Safdarjung
Hospital at the time of giving her admission in school. She has further
affirmed the D.O.B of the prosecutrix as 20.02.2005 as per the school records.
She produced the school admission record Ex PW 3/A, which show her date
of birth to be 20.02.2005. Moreover, the accused has not disputed the age of
the prosecutrix. Thus, the date of birth of the prosecutrix has been established
by the prosecution to be 20.02.2005 conclusively. Thus, she was 8 years and
8 months old on the date of the incident.
48. We now proceed to deal with the submission of Ms. Parmar with regard
to the contradictions and variations in the statements made by the prosecutrix
and by her mother PW-8 from time to time.
49. The case was registered vide FIR No.369/2013 (Ex. PW-5/A) on the
complaint (Ex. PW-8/A) made by PW-8 mother of the prosecutrix at the
police station.
50. Her initial statement Ex. PW-8/A – the rukka, inter alia, states that on
the date of the incident i.e. 15.10.2013, when she did not find the prosecutrix
in her room on her return at around 3:00 p.m., she started searching for her in
the rooms nearby. She saw the room on the left side, wherein the accused
resides, was closed. She got suspicious and she pushed the door, which
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 23 of 59
opened. She saw that the accused had laid the prosecutrix on the floor and he
had removed her lower clothes. He had also lowered his own pant and he was
lying on top of the prosecutrix. He had placed his hand on the mouth of the
prosecutrix. She pushed the accused and removed him from over the
prosecutrix. The accused pulled up his pant and pushed PW-8 and ran away.
She stated that the prosecutrix informed her (PW-8) that Khursheed uncle had
brought her to his room on the pretext of giving her toffee and he had
removed her pant and underwear and then laid her on the floor. Khursheed
then opened his pant and lowered the same and then he laid over the
prosecutrix. Thereafter, the accused had inserted his penis into the vagina of
the prosecutrix, and he “urinated” which caused severe pain to her. When she
tried to shout, the accused shut her mouth with his hand to prevent her from
doing so.
51. The prosecutrix was examined at AIIMS vide MLC Ex. PW-4/A. She
was accompanied by her mother PW-8. The history given to the doctor was
of sexual assault at 3:00 p.m. in the same afternoon by a neighbour in the
house. The internal examination of the prosecutrix was conducted after the
consent of the prosecutrix and her mother were taken. The hymen was not
found intact. Bruises were found on her thighs. Specimens were collected
from the vaginal secretion. The undergarment of the prosecutrix was
collected and vaginal smear made. The statement of the prosecutrix was
thereafter got recorded under Section 164 Cr PC on 17.10.2013 vide Ex. PW-
1/A. The learned Magistrate put some initial questions to the prosecutrix.
She was asked whether she understood the importance of telling the truth in
the proceedings before the court. She responded by saying: “Haan, jhoot
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 24 of 59
bolte hai tho kaua kaatha hai, isliye sach bolo”. She was then asked “Are you
making the statement under any force, coercion or any undue influence.” To
this, she responded in the negative. The prosecutrix did not understand the
meaning of oath and, therefore, her statement was recorded without oath. In
her said statement, she, inter alia, stated that she was sleeping with her
younger brother on the day of the incident. The uncle in the neighbourhood
lured her to his room by promising a toffee. She stated that she did not go.
He then took her by force into his room. He removed her underwear. He also
removed his clothes and did “gandi batein”. She was asked as to what was
the “gandi baat”?. The prosecutrix responded that he was inserting his penis
inside her. The Magistrate noted her conduct that while saying so, she put her
hand between her legs. She stated that when she asked him to the effect
“Uncle, what are you doing?”, he shut her mouth and she could not even
breathe. She stated that from the penis of the accused paani/ fluid came out
“lachak-lachak‖ on her shirt and her legs. The accused told her that he loves
children. When she started to run, he caught hold of her and tore her clothes.
Then her mother came and she saw that her underwear was taken out.
Thereafter, “uncle ran away from the room”.
52. The statement of the prosecutrix was recorded before the court, firstly,
on 02.04.2014. Her statement recorded on the said date read as follows:
“I alongwith my younger brother were sleeping in our room.
My parents had gone to their respective workplaces and my
other siblings were also outside. The accused came to my place
and he asked me to accompany him on the pretext that he would
give me a toffee. I refused the same. Thereafter, the accused
brought me forcefully to his room. The accused removed my
kachchi (undergarment) and also removed his pant andCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 25 of 59
thereafter, the accused forcefully inserted his penis into my
vagina ―apne shushu karne wali chiz mere shushu karne wale
me daal diya‖. When I objected to and cried in pain, the
accused put his hand on my mouth. I was saying that ―mujhe
chor do‖ but the accused did not let me go. I started weeping.
In the process of scuffling, my frock was torn and I had also
sustained injuries. Thereafter, my mother came there and she
rescued me. I alongwith my mother reached to the police
station. The police took me to the hospital where my medical
examination was done. While the accused was doing the
wrongful act with me, some water like liquid substances had
fallen upon my clothes. One Aunty had brought me to the court
and I had narrated the incident in the court also.
At this stage, the screen is removed and the accused
Khurseed is shown to the witness whom the witness correctly
identifies as the same person who committed the aforesaid act
with her.
Further examination is deferred for want of case
property”.
53. A perusal of this statement would show that in all material respects the
same is exactly same as the one she had made before the learned Magistrate
under Section 164 Cr PC vide Ex. PW-1/A. The only three things which she
added in her statement recorded on 02.04.2014 before the court were that she
told the accused “muje chod do”, but the accused did not let her go; that she
started weeping, and, that she also sustained injury. These three additions, by
no stretch of reason, can be described as improvements, which shake her
credibility and render her statement doubtful. These are mere elaborations
which she narrated before the court and were omitted in her narration before
the Magistrate while recording the statement under Section 164 Cr PC. The
first two additions do not impinge- one way or another, on the culpability of
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 26 of 59
the accused. The third was, even otherwise, corroborated by the MLC of the
prosecutrix Ex.PW4/A. The examination of the prosecutrix PW-1 was
deferred on 02.04.2014 for want of case property. It was thereafter continued
on 21.01.2016 i.e. nearly one year and nine months later. On the said date, i.e.
21.01.2016, the prosecutrix identified her underwear/ panty as Ex. P-1. She
also identified her signatures on Ex. PW-1/A, her statement recorded under
Section 164 Cr PC. She stated that her mother had thrown her frock and
ghagri, which she was wearing at the time of the incident in the garbage as all
the buttons were broken and the clothes were torned. She did not state that
her underwear was also thrown away.
54. The prosecutrix was partially cross-examined on 21.01.2016 and further
cross examined on 19.02.2016. On 19.02.2016, she, inter alia, stated that the
accused had closed her mouth forcibly while taking her into his room. He
removed his hand after entering the room and he slapped her and closed her
mouth with the cloth which is worn on the head. He tied her hands at the back
and also tied her legs, for which he used 3-4 gamchas. She stated that the
house of the accused was not checked by the police. She denied that no
gamcha was used, or that she was deposing falsely at the instance of her
mother. She stated that her mother came after one hour from the time when
“uncle took her”. She stated that there was a window in the house of the
accused and there was a glass pane in the same. She denied the suggestion
that when her mother came, the door of “Khursheed uncle’s house was open”.
She volunteered that when her mother pushed the window, she received
injuries also. She volunteered that a small piece of the window was broken,
and that her mother did not show the broken window to the police. The
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 27 of 59
mother also did not show the injury to the doctor as she had put medicine
herself. She stated that she opened the door after releasing herself and after
opening her hands using her teeth. She stated that the “Uncle hid himself
behind the chowki‖. She initially stated that her mother called police on
number 100, but again sated that the mother did not call police as she was not
having mobile phone, “we went to the police station”. She stated that when
her mother arrived, she was in school uniform. She denied that the incident
did not happen, or that she was deposing on her being tutored by her parents.
She stated that her mother told her to depose the facts as she was not
remembering the same completely. She denied the suggestion that false
allegations have been made against the accused in order to take money from
him as her parents were in need of money to purchase a plot in Delhi. During
her re-examination, she clarified that the frock and ghagri which she had
mentioned in the previous deposition were her school uniform. The shirt was
of sky blue colour and ghagri (skirt) was of blue colour.
55. We may make some general observations about the statements of the
prosecutrix recorded on different occasions. Firstly, PW-1, throughout
describes the accused as “uncle”. This itself is reflective of her innocence,
and lends credibility to her statements. If she had been tutored, she would
most likely, not be tutored to call the accused- who is her alleged exploitor,
“uncle”. Secondly, in her earliest statement i.e. the one recorded under
Section 164 Cr.P.C. Ex.PW1/A, in response to the question “Do you
understand the importance of telling the truth in the proceedings before the
court?”. She very innocently states “Haan, jhoot bolte hai tho kaua kaatha
hai, isliye sach bolo”. This statement is also reflective of the innocence,
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 28 of 59
spontaneity and truthfulness of the prosecutrix. A tutored witness would lack
such spontaneity, and would answer such questions very formally, as tutored.
Thirdly, she graphically describes the process of ejaculation of the semen by
the accused by stating “nunu me se lachak lachak nikla, meri shirt par, tang
par gira diya tha”. A child under 9 years would not know, and would not
describe this phenomenon. She even asked the accused “uncle what are you
doing?”, since she did not understand the said act of the accused. It would be
completely outrageous to imagine that the parents of a girl child only 8 years
and 8 months old would tutor her about sexual intercourse in such graphic
detail.
56. In respect of the statement of the prosecutrix recorded before the court,
we may, firstly, observe that her examination in chief was consistent with her
version stated before the Magistrate under Section 164 Cr PC. Her cross
examination took place, as noticed herein above, nearly two years after her
examination in chief, and nearly 26-27 months after the date of the incident.
As noticed herein above, the prosecutrix was only 8 years and 8 months of age
at the time of the incident. Thus, some amount of fading of her memory was
only to be expected. In fact, in her cross examination, she herself stated that
her mother had reminded her of the incident, since she could not completely
remember the same. However, she was categorical in her denial that she had
made false allegations against the accused in order to take money from him.
57. The initial statement of the mother found in the rukka Ex. PW-8/A- that
she pushed the door of the accused and it opened, cannot be said to be
contradictory with the statement of the prosecutrix recorded under Section
164 Cr PC, or with her statement recorded before the court. The statement of
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 29 of 59
PW-1 before the Magistrate Ex. PW-1/A is a summary statement. Her
statement recorded before the court is a more elaborate one. In the said
statement, she elaborates that the mother first pushed the window in the room
of the accused and, in that process, the window was slightly broken and she
even hurt her finger. Mere absence of this part of the statement- either in the
rukka, or in the earlier statement of PW-1 recorded under Section 164 Cr PC,
does not render her statement unbelievable. The same is only an elaboration
of the facts as they transpired and nothing turns – one way or another, on the
said facts. The prosecutrix and her mother were dealing with a very grave and
serious situation, and the fact that the window pane had slightly broken, or
that the mother had got slightly injured on the finger was the least of their
concerns. Similarly, whether, or not, any gamchas were used by the accused
to tie the prosecutrix is neither here nor there, for the reason that it does not
impinge on the nature and gravity of the offence. It is nobody‟s case that if
the prosecutrix was not tied, the penetrative sexual assault would not be
culpable.
58. Even if one were to assume that, that part of the statement of the
prosecutrix was imaginary or an exaggeration, the same does not appear to be
deliberately designed to implicate the accused, as it does not impinge on the
charge against the accused. The prosecutrix was consistent with regard to the
incident which happened. Pertinently, both in her statement recorded under
Section 164 Cr PC Ex. PW-1/A and before the court, she narrated in her own
innocent words that the accused ejaculated on her clothes and her legs. What
emerges from the statements of PW-1, both recorded under Section 164 Cr
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 30 of 59
PC, as well as before the court is that the prosecutrix was a completely
innocent child.
59. The cross examination of the prosecutrix conducted on behalf of the
accused, firstly, focused on the aspect that the prosecutrix was staying in a
populated accommodation which had a large number of rooms adjacent to
each other and even her aunt (mausi) resided in the neighbourhood and that
she attended to the children in the absence of the mother PW-8. We are,
however, not impressed with this line of argument of the accused for the
reason that the time of occurrence was at 3:00 p.m. in the afternoon, when
there may not have been much activity around the room of the prosecutrix, or
the accused. The prosecutrix stated that she was sleeping with her brother in
her room and it could well be that the other residents were also either resting
or busy in their own chores in their rooms. It was not suggested to the
prosecutrix during her cross examination that she was with her aunt (mausi)
on the particular day, and at the particular time.
60. PW-8 the mother of the prosecutrix deposed that on the date of the
incident, the prosecutrix had come back from school. Thereafter, she came
from her work place and did not find the prosecutrix. She asked her sons,
who informed her that the prosecutrix had left the house after leaving her
school bag. That was when she started searching for the prosecutrix, and she
found that- on the door of the accused, no lock was put as it usually was
during the day. She got suspicious and pushed the door. However, it was
locked from inside. She pushed the window of the room and due to force the
window opened and she noticed the accused lying on top of her daughter.
After seeing PW-8, the accused opened the door of the room and ran away
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 31 of 59
from the spot. That is when the prosecutrix, while weeping, narrated the
incident to her. PW-8 was cross examined at length. However, she stood her
ground. In fact, it came out in her cross examination that after her children-
including the prosecutrix, returned from school at 1:00 p.m., she would drop
them for tuition at 3:00 p.m. and they would come back at 5-5:30 p.m. This
statement of PW-8 explains as to why PW-8 returned to her around 3:00 p.m.
and looked for the prosecutrix.
61. PW-8 in her testimony stated that when she tried to open the door of the
accused, the same was locked. However, the accused opened the same after
seeing her and ran away from the spot. In our view, this statement is not
inconsistent with the statement of the prosecutrix- who was only 8 years and
8 months old. The crux of the statements made by the prosecutrix and her
mother is the same, namely, that the accused took the prosecutrix to his room
on the pretext of giving her a toffee; he removed her lower clothes; he
lowered his own pant; he lay on her and inserted his penis into her vagina; he
shut the mouth of the prosecutrix with his hand to prevent her from shouting
or crying for help; PW-8 arrived at 3:00 p.m. and started looking for the
prosecutrix; she got suspicious about the accused and she tried to open his
door, but it did not open; she pushed the window and saw the accused and the
prosecutrix, whereafter the door was opened and the accused ran away. It is
not material as to who opened the door- whether it was already open, or it
was opened by the accused, or it was opened by the prosecutrix. This is for
the reason that there is no denying that the incident took place, as is evident
from the testimonies of PW-1, PW-8 and the MLC of the prosecutrix PW4/A.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 32 of 59
62. We do not find any merit in the submission of Ms. Parmar premised on
the contradiction in the statements of PW-1 and PW-8 on the one hand- that
the frock and ghagri were thrown away as they were torn, and the statement of
the I.O. PW11 on the other hand, that the frock and ghagri were handed over
to the doctor at the time of conduct of the MLC. Pertinently, the MLC shows
that the doctor was handed over only the underwear of the prosecutrix. The
same does not record that her frock and ghagri were handed over. Neither
PW-1, nor PW-8 claimed that the frock or ghagri were handed over to the
police or to the doctor. Moreover, the prosecutrix had clarified in her cross
examination conducted on 19.02.2016, that when she used the word frock and
ghagri, she meant her school uniform consisting of her shirt of sky blue
colour, and ghagri (skirt) of blue colour. Pertinently, the I.O. PW-11/ SI
Krishna, inter alia, deposed that the prosecutrix was sent for her medical
examination along with lady constable Sunita (PW-10). After the medical
examination of the prosecutrix, lady constable Sunita handed over to her the
exhibits of the prosecutrix in a sealed condition vide Ex. PW-10/A. Ex. PW-
10/A, the seizure memo is in respect of only the underwear of the prosecutrix,
apart from the vaginal swab and the sample seal. It does not talk about the
other clothes of the prosecutrix. PW-10 has corroborated the statement of
PW-11 on the aforesaid aspect. Pertinently, PW-11 never claimed that the
complainant PW-8 handed over all the clothes worn by the prosecutrix at the
time of the offence. She stated that she did not remember how many clothes
were handed over to the doctor by the complainant and stated that only the
underwear of the prosecutrix was handed over by the complainant to the
doctor. This statement is consistent with the recording made on the MLC and
Ex. PW-10/A. Thus, the submissions of Ms. Parmar aimed at creating a doubt
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 33 of 59
about the recovery of the undergarment of the prosecutrix, and about the other
clothes of the prosecutrix not being seized or exhibited, have no merit.
63. In her cross examination, PW-11 stated that on the fateful day, the
prosecutrix had not gone to her school. This statement of PW-11 is neither
here nor there, since she was not an eye witness and was not personally aware
of the said aspect. PW-8 clearly deposed that the prosecutrix had gone to the
school on the said date and her time of return was 1:00 p.m. The prosecutrix
also stated so in her statement. This also explains the reason why she was
wearing her school uniform when she was taken away by the accused. Thus,
there is no inconsistency in the case of the prosecution on this account.
64. So far as the submission of Ms. Parmar that the accused was arrested
from his room, and he did not flee is concerned, we do not find any merit in
this submission. The accused was found to be in an inebriated condition upon
his medical examination. That could explain his conduct in not fleeing from
his room. Moreover, there is no definite reaction that all human beings would
have to a given situation. Thus, the fact that the accused did not flee from his
room and was arrested from his room does not absolve him of the crime.
65. We are appalled at the manner in which the Trial Court has proceeded
to appreciate the evidence in the present case. The learned ASJ has ignored
the fact that the hymen of the prosecutrix was not intact. He completely
overlooked the fact that she had fresh bruises mark on her thigh. These
injuries clearly corroborate the otherwise natural and credible statement of the
prosecutrix.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 34 of 59
66. The medico- legal literature supports the case of the prosecution that
the bruises suffered by the prosecutrix on her thighs were as a result of sexual
assault upon her by the accused. Parikh‟s Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence,
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 6th Edition Page 5.38, authored by Dr.
C.K. Parekh states:
“in young children as the vagina is very small and hymen
deeply situated, the adult penis cannot penetrate it. In rare
cases of great violence, the organ may be forcibly introduced,
causing rupture of the vaginal vault and associated visceral
injuries. Usually, violence is not used and the penis placed
either within the vulva or between the thighs. And as such,
only redness and tenderness of the vulva may be caused. The
hymen is usually intact ……………………….. There may be no
signs or very few signs of general violence, since the child has
no idea of the act is also unable to offer resistance”. (emphasis
supplied)
67. To claim that the complainant PW-8 would falsely implicate the
accused to extract money from him by making such a serious allegations
against him – which also involve her own 8 year old daughter is outrageous.
This bald submission- which is not probablised, much less established with
cogent evidence, has repeatedly been rejected by Courts. In this regard,
reference may be drawn to the decisions in Hari Om v. State (NCT), 2010 Cri
LJ 1281 and Brijlal v. State (NCT), 2017 (1) JCC 583. We may usefully
quote the observations made by the court in the said decisions. In Harim Om
(supra), it was held:
“18. The prosecutrix being a young girl aged at about 8-9
years at the time of this incident, it is not likely that her parents
would have implicated the appellant in a false case of rape of
their daughter, conscious as they would be that reporting ofCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 35 of 59
such a matter to the police, particularly when the parents of
the prosecutrix as well as the appellant were living in the
jhuggies situated in the same locality, was bound to expose
their daughter to scrutiny and questions not only by the police
and courts but also by their neighbours and relatives. They
could not have been ignorant of the fact that they may even
have difficulty in finding a suitable match for their daughter
once it is known that she had been subjected to rape in her
childhood. Therefore, if they, despite realizing these
consequences do report the matter to the police, it would be
only if what they were reporting was absolutely true and
correct. In fact, some of the parents even refrain from
reporting such incident lest their child not face embrassment
on account of the incident becoming public and her marriage
being jeopardised on account of the prospective in-laws
becoming aware of the incident, at the time of her marriage.
The parents of the prosecutrix knew that if they report the
matter to the police, they will have to take their child first to
the police station then to the hospital and, thereafter, in the
court and the child will be made to repeat the horrible incident
at every place, at the cost of considerable discomfort and
embrassment to her. Therefore, unless an incident of this
nature has actually happened with their child, they would not
take such a step.”
68. In Brij Lal (supra), it was held:
“6. On perusal of various statements made by the child
witness at different stages of the investigation/trial, it reveals
that her version is consistent throughout. In all her statements,
she has implicated the accused with certainty and has
attributed specific role to him. No ulterior motive was assigned
to the child witness to level serious allegations of sexual
assault. In the absence of any prior animosity or enmity, the
child victim is not expected to level all such allegations
suddenly against an individual aged around 47 years residing
in her neighbourhood since long. Unless such an incident really
happens, the victim or her parents would be highly reluctant to
rope in an innocent person for the ghastly crime to put theCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 36 of 59
honour of their child at stake. There are no cogent reasons to
disbelieve the statement of the child witness. It is true that the
Court must be extremely cautious and careful in placing
reliance on the testimony of a child witness as there are
chances of coaching or tutoring. A child witness is prone to
tutoring and hence the court should look for corroboration. In
the instant case, nothing has emerged to infer if ‘X’ was a
tutored witness.”
69. Pertinently, apart from vaguely claiming that the complainant falsely
implicated him to extract money, the accused has not even claimed that a
specific demand was ever made by the complainant or her husband for money,
which he declined, and whereafter he was falsely implicated. The accused has
not chosen to lead any evidence to probablise the said defence.
70. We also find merit in the submission of Mr. Mahajan that the Trial
Court failed to raise the statutory presumption under Section 29 and 30 of
POCSO Act, which the Trial Court was bound to raise in view of the
mandatory nature of the language used in the said provisions. The offence
with which the accused is charged falls under Section 6 of POCSO Act which
prescribes the punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault.
Aggravated Penetrative Sexual Assault is defined in section 5 of POCSO Act.
A person is said to have committed aggravated penetrative sexual assault,
inter alia, when the assault is committed on a child below 12 years of age –
which the prosecutrix was at the relevant time. Penetrative Sexual Assault is
defined in section 3 to mean, inter alia, where the accused penetrates his
penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a child or
makes the child to do so with him or any other person. The accused was
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 37 of 59
charged of having committed penetrative sexual assault on the prosecutrix, by
inserting his penis into her vagina.
71. We do not agree with the submission of Ms. Parmar that in the facts of
the present case, the presumption under Section 29 and 30 of the POCSO Act
could not be raised. This is for the reason that there were definite and clear
statements made by the prosecutrix before the Magistrate (under Section 164
Cr PC) and before the Court, and PW-8- the mother also made definite and
clear statements against the accused of his having committed aggravated
penetrative sexual assault on the prosecutrix, and of her witnessing the same.
Moreover, there was medical evidence to corroborate their said statements,
which showed that the hymen of the prosecutrix was not intact, and the
prosecutrix had bruises mark on her thighs. The said evidence was sufficient
to raise the statutory and mandatory presumption against the accused and,
thus, it was for the accused to establish his innocence in the face of such
incriminating evidence.
72. The impugned judgment shows that the approach of the Trial Court
borders on perversity. The learned ASJ doubted the statement of the
prosecutrix, since she did not state before the police that her clothes were torn
by the accused. We fail to understand as to how the said omission on the part
of the prosecutrix renders her statement doubtful. As noticed above, the
prosecutrix narrated the entire incident, in her own innocence – to the point of
even describing the ejaculation of the semen by the accused on her clothes and
legs. The learned ASJ, in one stroke, observes that there are “variations,
improvements, contradictions and inconsistencies, which go to the root of the
matter … …”, rendering the prosecutrix “unworthy and unreliable” because
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 38 of 59
she admitted that she has stated that the facts as told by her mother.
Unfortunately, there is absolutely no application of mind by the learned ASJ
to the so called variations, improvements, contradictions and inconsistencies.
Apart from making a bald observation that they go to the root of the matter, it
is not explained as to how the said finding has been returned. We have
already noticed herein above that none of the so-called variations,
improvements, contradictions and inconsistencies go to the root of the matter.
They are natural, particularly when one considers the small age of the
prosecutrix at which the said incident took place, and the time lag between her
initial statement and her cross examination. The fact that she was reminded of
the incident by the mother does not lead to the inference that she was tutored
by the mother. It only shows that her fading memory was refreshed by the
mother, and when she made her statement before the court, she remembered
the incident in substantial detail.
73. It is truly shocking and absurd for the Trial Court to observe that
though the hymen of the minor child was found to be torn, but it was not
stated whether it was “old torn or fresh torn”. The Trial Court was
completely blind to the fact that the victim was a child of barely 8 years and 8
months, and for the hymen of such a small child to be torn, itself was
abnormal. In fact, medical literature shows that even in cases of penetrative
sexual assault of minor children, often the hymen does not rupture. In this
regard, we may quote an extract from “A Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence
and Tixicology”, 24th edition page 668 authored by Jaising P Modi:
“in small children, the hymen is not usually ruptured, but may
become red and congested along with the inflammation andCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 39 of 59
bruising of the labia. If considerable violence is used, there is
often laceration of the fourchette and the perineum”.
74. The Trial Court proceeds on the basis that the prosecution had not
produced witness to establish that the clothes of the prosecutrix and her
vaginal smear were having semen marks pertaining to the accused.
Pertinently, he does not observe that no semen marks were found on the
underwear of the prosecutrix – being mindful of the fact that the unexhibited
FSL report on record (now exhibited as CW-1/A), did mention the presence of
semen on the underwear.
75. The learned ASJ has observed that it is settled principle of law that the
child is susceptible to tutoring and his evidence must be evaluated more
carefully and with greater circumspection and that evidence of a child witness
must find adequate corroboration before it is relied upon. We have found that
the same ld. ASJ has, in several decisions, parroted these principles, and
beyond stating the principle, he does not undertake the exercise of careful
evaluation of the evidence of the child witness with greater circumspection, to
find out whether as a matter of fact, the child witness appears to be tutored, or
not. Same is the position in the present case. While dealing with another
decision of the same ld. ASJ, we had occasion to consider several aspects in
relation to the statement of the child witness in State Of Nct Of Delhi v.
Dharmender, CRL.A. 1184/2017, decided on 23.03.2018 arising from a
decision rendered by the same ASJ.
76. In Dharmender (supra), we took note of several decisions of the
Supreme Court. In Rameshwar v. State of Rajasthan, 1952 (3) SCR 377, the
Supreme Court observed that the Evidence Act does not prescribe that the
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 40 of 59
statement of the victim/ prosecutrix in the case of rape requires corroboration.
A woman, who has been raped, is not an accomplice. She is a victim of an
outrage. The rule of corroboration of the statement of the prosecutrix is not a
mandatory rule, but a rule of prudence and caution, which could be dispensed
with in the facts and circumstances of the given case. All that is required is
that it should be present to the mind of the Judge that it is advisable to look for
corroboration of the statement of the prosecutrix/ victim. He may dispense
with the need for corroboration if he thinks that it is safe to do so. The tender
years, coupled with other circumstances appearing in the case, for example,
his/ her demeanour, and unlikelihood of tutoring and so forth may render
corroboration unnecessary, but that is a question of fact in every case. On the
nature and extent of corroboration that the court may look for, the Supreme
Court observed that all that is required is that there must be some additional
evidence rendering it probable that the story of the complainant is true, and
that it is reasonably safe to act upon it. All that is necessary is that there
should be independent evidence which would make it reasonably safe to
believe the witness‟ story, that the accused was the one who committed the
offence. The corroborative evidence could be circumstantial in nature, and it
is not necessary that it has to be direct evidence. The Supreme Court
observed, were it otherwise; “many crimes which are usually committed
between accomplices in secret, such as incest, offences with females” (or
unnatural offences) “could never be brought to justice”.
77. The Supreme Court also considered whether previous statement made,
inter alia, by the complainant/ prosecutrix/ victim could be accepted as
corroborative. The Supreme Court referred to illustration (j) to Section 8 and
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 41 of 59
Section 157 of the Evidence Act, and concluded that where the conditions
prescribed in the said section are fulfilled, the earlier statement of the
prosecutrix/ victim would be legally admissible as corroboration. The
Supreme Court also considered the question whether the mother of the victim/
prosecutrix can be regarded as an “independent witness”, and held that there is
no legal bar to exclude the mother of the prosecutrix/ victim from being
considered as an independent witness, merely on account of their relationship.
It observed;
“… … Independent merely means independent of sources which
are likely to be tainted. In the absence of enmity against the
accused there is no reason why she should implicate him
falsely. It is true the accused suggested that they were on bad
terms but that has not been believed by anyone”.
78. We also noticed the judgment of the Supreme Court in Prakash Anr.
v. State of Madhya Pradesh, (1992) 4 SCC 225. The Supreme Court held
that merely because the witness was a boy of 14 years, it will not be proper to
assume that he is likely to be tutored. At the same time, the Court has to be
satisfied that there is likelihood of the child witness being tutored.
79. In Ratansinh Dalsukhbhai Nayak v. State of Gujarat, (2004) 1 SCC
64, the Supreme Court held that there was no reason for false implication by
the child witness. The Supreme Court accepted the evidence of the child
witness as credible and truthful.
80. We also took note of the decision of the Supreme Court in State of
Madhya Pradesh v. Ramesh Anr., 2011 (3) Scale 619. In this decision the
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 42 of 59
earlier judgment of the Supreme Court in Mangoo Anr. v. State of Madhya
Pradesh, AIR 1995 SC 959 was referred to wherein it was observed;
“there was always scope to tutor the child, however, it cannot
alone be a ground to come to the conclusion that the child
witness must have been tutored. The Court must determine as
to whether the child has been tutored or not. It can be
ascertained by examining the evidence and from the contents
thereof as to whether there are any traces of
tutoring.‖(emphasis supplied)
81. In State of Madhya Pradesh (supra), reference was also made to
Panchhi Ors. v. State of U.P., AIR 1998 SC 2726, wherein the Supreme
Court held that:
―the testimony of a child witness must find adequate
corroboration before it is relied on. However, it is more a rule
of practical wisdom than of law. It cannot be held that “the
evidence of a child witness would always stand irretrievably
stigmatized. It is not the law that if a witness is a child, his
evidence shall be rejected, even if it is found reliable. The law
is that evidence of a child witness must be evaluated more
carefully and with greater circumspection because a child is
susceptible to be swayed by what others tell him and thus a
child witness is an easy prey to tutoring.‖ (emphasis supplied)
82. Similarly, in State of U.P. v. Krishna Master Ors., AIR 2010 SC
3071, the Supreme Court held;
―there is no principle of law that it is inconceivable that a
child of tender age would not be able to recapitulate the facts
in his memory. A child is always receptive to abnormal events
which take place in his life and would never forget those
events for the rest of his life. The child may be able to
recapitulate carefully and exactly when asked about the same in
the future. In case the child explains the relevant events of the
crime without improvements or embellishments, and the sameCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 43 of 59
inspire confidence of the Court, his deposition does not require
any corroboration whatsoever. The child at a tender age is
incapable of having any malice or ill will against any person.
Therefore, there must be something on record to satisfy the
Court that something had gone wrong between the date of
incident and recording evidence of the child witness due to
which the witness wanted to implicate the accused falsely in a
case of a serious nature.” (emphasis supplied)
83. In the same decision, the Supreme Court further held:
―the deposition of a child witness may require corroboration,
but in case his deposition inspires the confidence of the court
and there is no embellishment or improvement therein, the
court may rely upon his evidence. The evidence of a child
witness must be evaluated more carefully with greater
circumspection because he is susceptible to tutoring. Only in
case there is evidence on record to show that a child has been
tutored, the Court can reject his statement partly or fully.
However, an inference as to whether child has been tutored or
not, can be drawn from the contents of his deposition‖.
(emphasis supplied)
84. The aforesaid settled legal principles have not been adhered to by the
ld. ASJ and he has only rendered lip service to these principles without
actually appreciating the evidence in the light of these principles. We may
observe that there is hardly any discussion and appreciation of evidence in the
impugned judgment, the relevant part whereof runs into just about 2 ½ pages.
85. Thus, in our considered view, in the face of the evidence led by the
prosecution, the charge against the accused was established beyond all
reasonable doubt. The impugned judgment proceeds on palpably wrong
conclusions on facts; it is based on erroneous view of the law- as the
presumptions under Sections 29 and 30 POCSO Act were not raised against
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 44 of 59
the accused; the impugned judgment- if not set aside would lead to grave
miscarriage of justice to the victim; the approach of the ld. ASJ in dealing
with the evidence is patently illegal, and; the Trial Court has ignored the
medical evidence Ex.PW-4/A and misread and misappreciated the evidence
led by the prosecution.
86. We may now proceed to consider the effect of the two FSL reports
being led in evidence. Ms. L. Babito Devi, CW-1 has proved the FSL report
dated 15.05.2014 bearing report No. FSL 2013/DNA-8323- DNA No.
1411/13 prepared by her, as Ex. CW-1/A. She has also exhibited the allele
data Ex. CW-1/B on the basis of which Ex. CW-1/A has been prepared. The
work sheets in respect of the test conducted by her, comprising of eight sheets
is exhibited as Ex. CW-1/D – on the basis of which Ex. CW-1/A was
prepared. During her cross examination on behalf of the accused, she stated
that first semen or the blood test is conducted. If semen or blood is found,
then the DNA testing is done. The determination of the semen is conducted
by a test which is called Acid Phosphatase Test. If semen is detected, slide is
prepared to confirm the presence of semen/ spermatozoa. She states that after
confirmation of the semen, the DNA is isolated to extract the same for testing
and to separate male and female DNA. She states that she used the mini filer
test in the present case. During her cross examination by the Court, she stated
that semen was found in the sample. She also states that she would have
conducted Y filer test, but the same was not conducted since the profile did
not match. CW-1 admitted that human semen was found on Ex. 2, which was
the underwear of the victim. The same is also reflected in CW-1/A. Thus, the
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 45 of 59
presence of semen on the underwear of the prosecutrix was clearly established
even when Ex. CW-1/A was prepared.
87. From the evidence of CW-1, it emerges that the DNA drawn from the
semen found on Ex. 2 – the underwear of the prosecutrix, did not match with
the DNA drawn from the blood sample of the accused. The conclusion drawn
in Ex. CW-1/A read as follows:
“DNA profile (STR) were performed on exhibits ‗2′ (underwear
of victim), ‗5′ (Blood in gauze of accused) is sufficient to
conclude that DNA profile generated from the source of exhibit
‗5′ (Blood in gauze of accused) is not matching with DNA
profile generated from the source of exhibit ‗2′ (underwear of
victim)
Note – Remnants of the exhibits have been sealed with the seal
of BD FSL DELHI”.
88. Upon our passing the order dated 16.05.2018, the exercise of drawing a
fresh blood sample from the accused was undertaken. We may observe that
though the blood sample of the prosecutrix was taken, it was the blood sample
of the accused alone which was used in the conduct of the fresh DNA test by
the FSL.
89. In this respect, the prosecution has examined PW-12 SI Rajiv, who
states in his examination in chief on affidavit that on 16.05.2018, pursuant to
the order passed on the same day by this Court in the present appeal, he
accompanied the accused Khursheed from his house to AIIMS, New Delhi for
taking his blood sample. He states that in his presence Dr. Umesh Mandloi,
JR, took the blood sample of the accused and sealed the same with the seal of
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 46 of 59
AIIMS HOSP ND CMO and handed over the same to Const. Amrinder
No.3428/SE, PS Badarpur. Const. Amrinder handed over the blood sample
and sample seal to him. He exhibited the seizure memo prepared in this
respect as Ex. PW-12/B Colly. He stated that he deposited the duly sealed
blood sample and sample seal in malkhana on 17.05.2018 in intact condition
and the relevant entry was made in the register No.19 in mud No.2795/2018.
The relevant entry in the malkhana register was exhibited by PW-14 as PW-
14/B. He also stated that the sample was not tampered with till it remained in
his custody.
90. PW-12 SI Rajiv was cross examined, wherein he stated that he reached
the house of the accused at around 9:00 p.m. on 16.05.2018. He deposited the
samples in the malkhana on the intervening night of 16/17.05.2018 at around
12:30 a.m. He denied the suggestion that he never visited the house of the
accused or accompanied him to AIIMS, New Delhi. He also denied the
suggestion that no blood sample of the accused were taken in his presence by
Dr. Mandloi. He also denied the suggestion that no sample was deposited by
him in the malkhana. He also denied the suggestion that the sample was
tampered with.
91. The prosecution has also examined Const. Amrinder as PW-16. He
stated in his examination in chief on affidavit that pursuant to the order dated
16.05.2018 passed by this court in this appeal, he accompanied the accused
Khursheed with SI Rajiv from his house to AIIMS, New Delhi for taking his
blood sample. One sealed parcel/ exhibit along with one sample seal of
AIIMS HOSP ND CMO was received by him from Dr. Umesh Mandloi JR
AIIMS Hospital, who took the blood sample of the accused and the same was
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 47 of 59
handed over by him to SI Rajiv, PS Badarpur, who prepared the seizure memo
and took the same in his possession. The seizure memo bears the signatures
of both SI Rajiv and Const. Amrinder and the statements of PW-12 and PW-
16 are corroborated thereby. PW-12/B also contains the MLC form of the
accused Khursheed dated 16.05.2018 which shows that the time of
examination was 16.05.2018 at 11:19 p.m. It also bears the endorsement of
Dr. Mandloi that the patient‟s blood sample has been taken. PW-16 stated
that the sample was not tampered with till it remained in his custody.
92. PW-16 Const. Amrinder corroborated the statement of PW-12. In his
cross examination, he stated that he stated he reached the house of the accused
at around 9:30-10:00 p.m. on 16.05.2018. He denied the suggestion that he
did not accompany the accused from his house to AIIMS, New Delhi, or that
no blood sample of the accused was taken. Pertinently, the accused admitted
while recording his supplementary statement under Section 313 Cr PC that he
was taken to the hospital by PW-12 and PW-16 for taking his blood sample.
Thus, the suggestion given on behalf of the accused to the contrary are
meaningless.
93. The prosecution also produced PW-13 SI Ved Prakash, who took the
prosecutrix with a lady constable to AIIMS for drawing the blood sample of
the prosecutrix. The prosecution also examined lady Const. Manorama, who
accompanied PW-13 Ved Prakash as PW-15. She has corroborated the
statement made by PW-13 in all respects.
94. The prosecution also examined PW-14 HC Mansukh, who was posted
as Head Constable and working as MHCM (CP), PS Badarpur. He stated that
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 48 of 59
one seizure memo along with one sealed exhibit containing the blood sample
of prosecutrix, sealed with the seal of AIIMS HOSP ND CMO dated
16.05.2018, and one sample seal of AIIMS HOSP ND CMO was deposited by
SI Ved Prakash and received vide entry No.2796 in register No.19. He
exhibited seizure memo Ex. PW-14/B Colly and copy of the relevant entry in
the register No.19 as part of Ex. PW-14/B. He stated that one seizure memo
along with one sealed exhibit containing blood sample of accused Khursheed,
sealed with seal of AIIMS HOSP ND CMO dated 16.05.2018, and one sample
seal of AIIMS HOSP ND CMO was deposited by SI Rajiv and received vide
entry No.2795 in register No.19. He stated that the seizure memo was
exhibited as Ex. PW-12/B colly and the copy of the relevant entry in the
register no.19, and the original whereof was produced, was Ex. PW-14/B
colly. He further stated that on 17.05.2018, the above exhibits and sample
seal were taken out by him for depositing in the FSL. The above mentioned
blood sample and sample seal was sent to the FSL Rohini on 17.05.2018
through road certificate No.59/21/18. He exhibited the road certificate as
Ex.PW-14/B colly and also made the portion „X‟ in the register no.19, as a
part of Ex. PW-14/B. He stated that the remnant samples were returned and
deposited in the malkhana vide entry marked at portion „Y‟ in sealed
condition.
95. The prosecution also examined Const. Alim Khan as PW-17. He stated
that he was posted as constable at PS Badarpur. The two sealed parcel/
exhibits along with two sample seals were received by him from MHCM (CP)
along with road certificate No.59/21/2018 dated 17.05.2018 and forwarding
letter and he deposited the same in the FSL Rohini, New Delhi. He obtained
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 49 of 59
acknowledgment No.FSL No.2018/B-4392 dated 17.05.2018 from the FSL
Rohini and handed over the same in malkhana. He stated that the road
certificate is already exhibited as Ex. PW-14/B colly and the acknowledgment
is also exhibited as PW-14/B colly. He states that the sample was not
tampered with till it remained in his custody.
96. A perusal of the cross examination of PW-14 shows that the same
corroborates the testimony of PW-12 and PW-16. PW-14 stated that SI Ved
Prakash and SI Rajiv deposited the respective samples at around 12:30 a.m.
on the intervening night of 16/17.05.2018 at around the same time, and the
samples were sent to FSL around 11:30 a.m. on 17.05.2018. He denied the
suggestion that the samples were not deposited by PW-12 SI Rajiv, or that no
blood samples were sent by him to FSL Rohini. He denied the suggestion that
samples were tampered with, and he denied that any documents have been
fabricated.
97. PW-17 Const. Alim Khan deposed in his cross examination that he
received the samples from the malkhana at around 11:30 a.m. on 17.05.2018.
He reached the FSL at around 1:30 p.m. on 17.05.2018. He denied the
suggestion that no sample were received by him from MHC (M). He also
denied the suggestion that no samples were deposited by him in FSL Rohini,
or that the blood samples were tampered with.
98. In the cross examination of these formal witnesses, the accused has not
been able to elicit anything to suggest that any of them have- or had any
reason to, falsely implicate him, or that the sample were not drawn, sealed or
preserved in proper manner. Thus, from the aforesaid evidence, it is
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 50 of 59
established that in terms of our order dated 16.05.2018, the blood samples of
the prosecutrix and the accused were drawn afresh and were sent to FSL in a
safe and intact condition. So far as the residue sample of the underwear of the
prosecutrix is concerned, it has come in the evidence of CW-1 that after the
test was conducted, the remnants were sealed with the seal of BDFSL, Delhi.
The sealed exhibits, i.e., the undergarment of the prosecutrix had been brought
to the court on 16.05.2018 as recorded in the order passed by us. To ensure
that the residue of the underwear of the prosecutrix is not fully consumed by
the FSL in the process of conduct of fresh test, we requested Mr. Katyal, the
learned APP attached to our court to proceed with the I.O. and the officers of
the FSL to FSL Delhi forthwith for drawing a portion of the sample on the
same day. Accordingly, the sample was drawn and the DNA test got
conducted. Mr. Katyal has filed his report dated 25.05.2018 in respect of the
visit made to FSL in terms of our directions dated 16.05.2018, which is on
record.
99. CW-2 Dr. Dhruv Sharma exhibited the report prepared by him and two
other officers as Ex. CW-2/A colly. He stated that the board comprising
himself and two other officers conducted the examination and the profile
generated from the underwear of the prosecutrix was the same as one
generated using minifiler kit, when the test was conducted and the report Ex.
CW-1/A was prepared. However, the profile generated from the blood sample
of the accused, using the minifiler test was different on two occasions. In the
first occasion, in respect whereof Ex. CW-1/A report was prepared, the two
profiles did not match. However, on the present occasion, the profiles
matched. Thereafter, Y-filer test was conducted and once again the profiles
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 51 of 59
matched and when advance identifiler plus kit was used and test was
conducted, once again the DNA profile of the underwear of the prosecutrix,
and the blood sample of the accused matched with all the 16 markers. The
parcel no.2 containing the residue of the underwear of the prosecutrix,
namely, Ex. 2 had been sealed with the seal of DSJ S/E B.B Delhi.
100. This is for the reason that the said residue of the underwear of the
prosecutrix was exhibited before the Trial Court during the course of trial and
was resealed with the seal of the court.
101. The report Ex CW-2/A shows that all the seals were intact when the
parcels were received at FSL, including the parcel containing the blood
sample of the accused Ex. 4. Human semen was detected on Ex.2 – the
underwear of the prosecutrix. Ex.1 and, inter alia, Ex.2 i.e. the underwear of
the prosecutrix was subject to DNA isolation. The DNA was isolated from
the source of Ex.2. Identiflier plus Y-Filer and Minifiler (STR) kits were used
for PCR amplification and data was analysed by Gene-Mapper IDx Software
for each of the exhibits. The result of the DNA analysis read as follows:
―1. The male DNA profile generated by using minifiler
and Identiflierplus amplification kit from the source of
exhibit ‗2′ (Underwear of Prosecutrix) was found to be
matching with DNA profile generated from the source of
exhibit ‗4′ (Blood sample of accused).
2. Y-STR DNA profile generated from the source of
exhibit ‗2′ (Underwear of Prosecutrix) was found to be
matching with the DNA profile generated from the source
of exhibit ‗4′ (Blood sample of accused).
3. The Female DNA profile generated from the
source of exhibit ‗1′ (Microslide of Prosecutrix) wasCRL.A. 510/2018 Page 52 of 59
found to be matching with the DNA profile generated
from the source of exhibit ‗3′ (Blood sample of victim)‖.
102. During his cross examination, CW-2 denied the suggestion that no test
was conducted by him, or the board. He denied that he did not have sufficient
time to conduct the test properly. He denied that he deliberately gave
contradictory report to the initial report. He denied that Ex. CW-2/A was a
wrong, fabricated or false report. He denied that the sample had been
tampered with. He denied that the sample utilised to prepare Ex. CW-2/A was
not in a damaged or degenerated condition.
103. What emerges upon appreciation of the evidence is that the fresh blood
sample of the accused was duly drawn and sent to FSL for conduct of the
fresh DNA examination for comparison of the DNA with that found on the
underwear of the prosecutrix Ex. 2. It stands conclusively established that the
samples were duly drawn and safely delivered in a sealed condition to the FSL
for conduct of fresh tests – on the basis whereof the FSL prepared the fresh
report Ex. CW-2/A.
104. The allele data generated by adoption of the identifier plus test from the
samples on the second occasion- on the basis of which CW-2/A was prepared,
may now be compared with the allele data drawn from the samples on the
earlier occasion- on the basis of which the first report Ex. CW-1/A was
prepared. The said tabulation read as follows:
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 53 of 59
S. No. LOCI Exhibit ‘2’ Exhibit ‘4’ ( Blood in gauze
(Underwear of Blood sample of of accused
the prosecutrix) accused taken (2013)**
* on 16.05.2018)
1. D8S1179 14, 15 14, 15
2. D21S11 29, 32.2 29, 32.2 29, 29
3. D7S820 8, 9 8, 9 8, 10
4. CSFIPO 9, 11 9, 11 10, 14
5. D3S1358 18 18
6. TH01 6, 9.3 6, 9.3
7. D13S317 8, 9 8, 9 10, 11
8. D16S539 12, 13 12, 13 10, 12
9. D2S1338 23 23 22, 22
10. D19S433 13, 14 13, 14
11. VWA 14, 16 14, 16
12. TPOX 10, 11 10, 11
13. D18S51 11, 16 11, 16 10, 11
14. D5S818 13 13
15. FGA 22, 23 22, 23 21, 21
16. AMELOGENIN X, Y X, Y X,Y
* the readings are identical in respect of the nine markers which are common to the earlier
performed minifiler test (on the basis of which Ex.CW1/A was prepared) and the
subsequently performed identifiler plus test (on the basis of which Ex.CW-2/A was
prepared). These nine markers (LOCI) are shown in bold.
** is in respect of report on the basis of which Ex. CW-1/A was prepared.
105. From the above tabulation, it would be seen that the DNA generated
from the fresh blood sample of the accused matched on all the 16 markers
with the DNA found in the underwear of the prosecutrix. Pertinently, there is
no change when one compares the two reports Ex. CW-1/A and Ex. CW-2/A
in the DNA found on the underwear of the prosecutrix. However, on the first
occasion when Ex. CW-1/A was prepared, there was a complete mismatch in
the DNA found on the underwear of the prosecutrix, and the DNA found on
the blood sample of the accused. The aforesaid result leads to a strong
possibility of either the earlier report Ex. CW-1/A being wrongly prepared, or
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 54 of 59
of the blood sample of the accused being compromised while it was drawn,
and before it was sealed in the hospital, or after it was de-sealed at the FSL
Rohini, Delhi.
106. In State of Haryana v. Bhagirath, (1999) 5 SCC 96, the Supreme
Court held that the opinion given by a medical witness need not be the last
word on the subject. Such opinion shall be tested by the court and if it lacks
logic or objectivity, the court is not obliged to go with the opinion. If there
are two different opinions on the same facts, it is open to the judge to adopt
the view which is more objective and probable one. If the opinion given by
one doctor is not consistent with probability, the court has no liability to go
with that opinion, merely because it is that of a doctor. It is well settled that
an expert witness is not a witness of fact, and the opinion given by an expert is
of advisory character given on the basis of symptoms found on examination.
We may also refer to Madan Gopal Kakkad v. Naval Dubey and Anr., (1992)
3 SCC 204 and State of H.P v. Jai Lal and Ors., (1999) 7 SCC 280.
107. An expert opinion is primarily to assist the court in arriving at a final
conclusion. An expert report is not binding on the court. The court is
expected to analyse the report and read it in conjunction with the other
evidence on record and then form its final opinion as to whether such a report
is worthy of reliance or not. If there are two diametrically contradictory
opinions of handwriting experts, and both the opinions are well reasoned, in
such a situation the court would critically examine the basis, reasoning,
approach and experience of the expert to come to a conclusion as to which of
the two reports can be safely relied upon by the court. [See Dayal Singh v.
State of Uttaranchal, (2012) 8 SCC 263].
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 55 of 59
108. In Piara Singh and Ors. v. State, AIR 1977 SCC 2274, the Supreme
Court held that where the medical opinion of one expert witness is
contradicted by another medical witness – both of whom are equally
competent to form their opinion, the court would accept the opinion of that
expert which supports the direct evidence in the case.
109. In Anil Rai v. State of Bihar, (2001) SCC (Cri) 1009, the Supreme
Court held that if medical evidence shows two alternative possibilities, the
one consistent with the reliable and satisfactory statements of the witness has
to be accepted.
110. Thus, in the light of the aforesaid legal position, we have no doubt or
hesitation in our mind that the report Ex. CW-2/A should be accepted in
preference to the report Ex. CW-1/A, for the reason that Ex. CW-2/A is
consistent with the other evidence in the case which we have already taken
note of herein above. In fact, Ex. CW-2/A is the last nail in the coffin so far
as the respondent is concerned. It conclusively establishes that the semen
found in the underwear of the prosecutrix was his. The respondent/ accused
has not explained as to how his semen was found in the underwear of the
prosecutrix, and this piece of evidence completely pins him down.
111. Accordingly, we are of the considered view that the impugned
judgment cannot be sustained. We, accordingly, set aside the impugned
judgment, and convict the respondent/ accused of the offence under Section 6
of the POCSO Act i.e. of having committed aggravated penetrative sexual
assault upon the prosecutrix.
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 56 of 59
112. We have taken note of herein above the fact that the FSL report
generated by Ms. L. Babito Devi was found to be suspect in other cases as
well. This position is recorded in our order dated 16.05.2018 which has been
reproduced herein above. The present is another such case where the report of
the FSL initially prepared vide Ex. CW-1/A has been found to be absolutely
wrong. At this stage, we cannot predicate as to what were the reasons for
such patently wrong report being furnished by the FSL. We may observe that
recently we came across another matter, being Crl. A No. 484/2015 where,
once again, the FSL report prepared by the same officer, namely, Ms. L.
Babito Devi has been found to be highly suspect and we have directed
preparation of a fresh DNA report by the CFSL Delhi.
113. The reports prepared by the FSL could have serious consequences –
both for the victim and the accused. A false report in favour of the accused
would lead to grave miscarriage of justice for the victim and for the society at
large, as the rule of law would stand subverted with the acquittal of an
offender, who deserves to be brought to justice. On the other hand, a false
report against the accused can lead to an even more grave miscarriage of
justice, as an innocent person may get falsely implicated.
114. Looking to the fact that we have come across several such cases from
time to time, we are of the view that the said incorrect reports cannot be
passed off as mere bonafide and genuine mistakes. The possibility of either
the samples being compromised, or the reports being manipulated to suit one
or the other party, cannot be ruled out. The involvement of outsiders/ touts is
highly probable in a case like the present, where the accused hails from a
humble background and would not have had the wherewithal of directly
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 57 of 59
approaching the investigating officers, or the police officials, or the officers of
the FSL for seeking favours.
115. In this background, we are of the considered view that the irregularities
which has come to light- particularly in respect of reports prepared by Ms. L.
Babito Devi, need to be thoroughly investigated by a competent investigating
agency like the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
116. We are mindful of the fact that the CBI is the premier investigating
agency in the country and is involved in investigation of several serious cases
having all India ramifications. We are also mindful of the judgment of the
Supreme Court in State of West Bengal Ors. v. Committee for Protection
of Democratic Rights, West Bengal Ors., (2010) 3 SCC 571, which lays
down the circumstances in which the High Court may direct the CBI to carry
out investigation in a case. The present case involves the working of the FSL
Delhi, whose reports are called for by the prosecution and courts in a large
number of cases, and the said reports are led in evidence and relied upon by
the Court in the formation of their decisions. Thus, there can be no
gainsaying that the matter involves public interest at large. The
circumstances, prima facie, could disclose the commission of offences under
the Prevention of Corruption Act, Indian Penal Code etc. if thoroughly
investigated.
117. Accordingly, we direct the CBI to register a preliminary inquiry and to
look into the working of the FSL in the matter of formation of reports in
respect of samples received by them, particularly the DNA reports. The
reports prepared by Ms. L. Babito Devi from time to time shall particularly be
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 58 of 59
examined by the CBI and her activities etc. should be thoroughly investigated.
If the preliminary inquiry discloses commission of cognizable offence by any
of the persons involved in the matte of collection of samples and preparation
of reports, the CBI shall, accordingly, proceed in the matter.
118. A copy of this judgment be communicated to the Director, CBI for
taking action forthwith. A copy of this judgment be also served on the
Standing Counsel for the CBI attached to the High Court.
(VIPIN SANGHI)
JUDGE
(P.S. TEJI)
JUDGE
AUGUST 07, 2018
CRL.A. 510/2018 Page 59 of 59
