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* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Judgement reserved on 18.12.2019
Judgement pronounced on 07.01.2020
+ W.P.(C)No.11003/2019 CM No.45428/2019
VANDANA TYAGI AND ANR. ….. Petitioners
Through Mr. Praful Shukla and Mr. Umang
Kapoor, Advs.
versus
GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF
DELHI (GNCTD) AND ORS. ….. Respondents
Through Mr. Kushagra Pandey, Panel Counsel
for GNCTD with Mr. Chandra
Shekar, (Patwari).
Mr. Akshit Kapur and Ms. Tanya
Kapoor, Advs for R-2.
CORAM:
HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE RAJIV SHAKDHER
RAJIV SHAKDHER, J.:
Preface
1. The petitioners’ cause raises a serious public concern even while it
espouses a private grievance qua respondent no.2 i.e. the State Bank of India
(hereafter referred to as “SBI”). The petitioners before me are the daughters
of, one, Mrs. Saroj Sharma, wife of deceased Mr. Anand Ballabh Sharma.
Mrs. Saroj Sharma has been arrayed as respondent no.4 in the instant writ
petition.
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 1 of 25
2. The petitioners are aggrieved by the fact that the SBI has not given
them recourse to the Public Provident Fund account bearing
No.10819169395 (hereafter referred to as “PPF Account”) which was
opened and maintained by their father i.e. Mr. Anand Ballabh Sharma,
during his lifetime, upon their mother Mrs. Saroj Sharma slipping into a
comatose state.
3. Notice in this petition was issued on 16.10.2019. On behalf of
respondent no.1 i.e. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi
(hereafter referred to as “GNCTD”), notice was accepted by Mr. Kushagra
Pandey, Advocate, while, on behalf of the SBI, notice was accepted by
Mr.Rajiv Kapoor, Advocate.
3.1. Notably, on that date, Ms. Ruchika Arora, Deputy Manager, SBI was
also present in court.
4. After recording, broadly, the grievance of the petitioners advanced by
their counsel, a direction was issued to GNCTD to appoint a doctor having
the necessary expertise who would visit Mrs. Saroj Sharma and thereafter
report to the court as regards her mental health. It was also indicated in the
order that the doctor who would visit Mrs. Saroj Sharma would also opine as
to whether or not the disease from which she was said to be suffering fell
within the ambit of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (in short “2017 Act”)
and/or the National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral
Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999 (in short
“1999 Act”).
4.1. The writ petition was posted for further proceedings on 20.11.2019.
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 2 of 25
5. On 20.11.2019, learned counsel for GNCTD placed before me a
report of the medical board constituted by the Institute of Human Behaviour
and Allied Sciences (IHBAS) comprising Dr. Kumar Abhinav, Senior
Resident, Neurology; Dr. Shubhangi Singh, Senior Resident, Psychiatry; and
Dr. Jagdish Sadiza, Clinical Psychologist. The report was submitted under a
cover of the letter dated 20.11.2019.
5.1. As noted in the order dated 20.11.2019, Dr. Kumar Abhinav and Dr.
Shubhangi Singh were present in court. Both the doctors, on being queried,
confirmed that Mrs. Saroj Sharma, (erroneously referred to as respondent
no.1 in paragraph 4 of the order dated 20.11.2019), was in “coma (vigil)”
state, which, according to them, was equivalent to being in a “vegetative
state”.
5.2. Furthermore, the medical board also opined that the condition of Mrs.
Saroj Sharma was such that it did not fall within the ambit of either the 2017
Act or the 1999 Act. Although the report did suggest that a further
assessment could be carried out by a multi-speciality general hospital such
as AIIMS, RML, or G.B. Pant Hospital, I concluded, in the order dated
20.11.2019, that in view of the opinion rendered by the medical board
concerning the condition of Mrs. Saroj Sharma, any further assessment, as
suggested, would only prolong the matter.
5.3. In the very same order, I also noticed the guidelines suggested by the
Division Bench of the Kerala High Court in the matter of Shobha
Gopalakrishnan vs. State of Kerala, 2019 SCC OnLine Ker 739.
5.4. Resultantly, having regard to the guidelines framed in the said matter,
I directed the concerned SDM/Tehsildar to submit a report to the court with
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 3 of 25
regard to the relevant facts and circumstances, concerning the matter at
hand, including the particulars of close relatives, their financial conditions
and such other aspects, as may be found necessary in terms of the guideline
No.(iii) 1 contained in the aforementioned judgment.
6. I also noticed in the very same order the judgment of the Madras High
Court, on a similar issue, in the matter of K. Sailaja v. The State of
Tamilnadu Ors., 2016 SCC OnLine Mad 5171.
7. The matter was thereafter posted for hearing on 04.12.2019, when, I
was informed by learned counsel for GNCTD that the SDM, Tehsildar and
Kanoongo, Kalkaji had visited Mrs. Saroj Sharma at her house on
20.11.2019.
7.1. Since further time was sought to collect information with regard to the
properties of Mrs. Saroj Sharma and the petitioners, the matter was posted
for hearing on 18.12.2019.
7.2. Via this order, a direction was issued qua the petitioners which
required them to file affidavits with regard to the details of their properties
which would include immovable and movable properties and details of their
bank accounts. Furthermore, the petitioners were also required to aver in
their respective affidavits that the properties of Mrs. Saroj Sharma, which
would include money available or credited to her bank account, would be
used in her best interest. The petitioners were also required to undertake that
they would file a report every six months with the Registrar General of this
1
(iii) A simultaneous visit of the person lying in comatose state, at his residence, shall be
caused to be made through the Revenue authorities, not below the rank of a Tahsildar and
a report shall be procured as to all the relevant facts and figures, including the particulars
of the close relatives, their financial conditions and such other aspects.
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 4 of 25
court concerning the mode and manner in which properties of Mrs. Saroj
Sharma would be utilized in her best interest.
8. It is in this context that the matter was taken up on 18.12.2019. On
that date, I was informed by learned counsel for GNCTD that the
SDM/Tehsilder/Kanoongo, Kalkaji had filed their report with the Registry of
this court.
9. The record shows that the SBI has filed an affidavit in the matter. The
SBI resists the grant of any relief to the petitioners. The SBI in support of its
plea seeks to place reliance on its circular dated 05.12.2018 and the circular
dated 19.11.2007, issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
9.1. Besides this, the SBI also seeks to place reliance on the following
statutes to oppose the prayers made in the writ petition:
(a) The Guardians and Wards Act, 1890.
(b) The Mental Health Act, 1987 (repealed).
(c) The National Trust Act for the Welfare of Persons with Autism,
Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act,
1999.
(d) The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of
Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995.
(e) The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017.
(f) The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
9.2. In sum, the stand of the SBI, based on the aforementioned circulars
and statutes, is that, in order to operate the PPF Account maintained with it,
the petitioners are necessarily required to obtain a “guardianship
certificate” from the competent court, and hence no relief could be given to
the petitioners, as sought for in the writ petition.
10. Thus, given the fact that Mrs. Saroj Sharma (as opined by the medical
board), is in comatose state, the crucial question which arises for
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 5 of 25
consideration is : are the petitioners required to obtain a guardianship
certificate under the aforementioned statutes and/or circulars, as contended
by the SBI before they can be permitted to operate the PPF Account
maintained by their father with SBI?
11. Pertinently, SBI’s own officer Mrs. Ruchika Arora has visited Mrs.
Saroj Sharma at her house, as noted in the order dated 16.10.2019, and found
that she was not responsive.
Backdrop
12. However, before I proceed further, it may be relevant to advert to the
background in which the petitioners have approached this court by way of
the instant writ petition.
13. It appears that the petitioners’ father Mr. Anand Ballabh Sharma had
executed a Will dated 08.01.1998 before he passed away on 14.01.1998.
The Will was, apparently, executed in the presence of two witnesses. Via
this Will, Anand Ballabh Sharma made a bequest of his immovable and
movable properties which included cash, amounts lying in bank, post office,
stocks, etcetera exclusively in favour of his wife i.e. Mrs. Saroj Sharma.
13.1. This Will also alluded, inter alia, to the fact that after the death of
Mrs. Saroj Sharma, all his (i.e. Mr. Anand Ballabh Sharma’s) properties
which included the immovable property situate at E-40, Greater Kailash-II,
New Delhi – 110048 (hereafter referred to as “Greater Kailash property”)
would be divided in equal measure between his daughters (i.e. the petitioners
herein) and thereafter among their respective children.
13.2. In respect of the Greater Kailash property, the Will demarcated the
areas which would fall to the share of the two petitioners.
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 6 of 25
14. The petitioners claim that Mrs. Saroj Sharma, who after the demise of
their father, became the absolute owner of his assets, on 23.07.2010,
executed a Will in their favour. As per this Will, the petitioners were
appointed as the executors of the said Will.
14.1. Via this Will, Mrs. Saroj Sharma has, broadly, divided all her
properties which includes immovable and movable properties as well as
monies available in bank accounts, post offices, and stocks equally between
the petitioners. This Will, though, unlike the Will executed by the deceased
Anand Ballabh Sharma was registered with the Sub-Registrar – VII, New
Delhi.
15. It appears that neither Mrs. Saroj Sharma nor the petitioners were
aware of the PPF Account maintained by the deceased Anand Ballabh
Sharma with the SBI. There is in fact, no specific mention of the PPF
Account maintained by Mr. Anand Ballabh Sharma during his lifetime with
the SBI, in his Will dated 08.01.1998.
15.1. The petitioners claim that they and their mother i.e. Mrs. Saroj
Sharma became aware of the PPF Account via a letter dated 30.07.2018
addressed by the SBI to their deceased father i.e. Anand Ballabh Sharma.
The SBI via this communication sought to inform the addressee that his PPF
Account had matured on 31.03.2008 and, therefore, he had three options
available with him, i.e. (i) to close the account as it had matured on
completion of 15 years; (ii) to enlarge the tenure for another five years,
albeit, without fresh subscription to the PPF Account; and (iii) to enlarge the
tenure for another five years, though, with subscription to the PPF Account.
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 7 of 25
15.2. This communication was obviously issued by the SBI under the
belief, at the relevant point in time, that Mr.Anand Ballabh Sharma was
alive.
16. It is averred in the petition that since at the relevant point in time, Mrs.
Saroj Sharma was residing with petitioner no.1 in Jaipur, it was thought fit to
approach the SBI for closure of the PPF Account after she returned to Delhi.
17. It is the petitioners’ case that upon Mrs. Saroj Sharma returning to
Delhi, her health deteriorated which resulted in her being admitted to the
Max Hospital on 09.03.2019, with the history of fall resulting in head
trauma, which was diagnosed as left frontotemporoparietat SDH condition.
Furthermore, according to the petitioners, Mrs.Saroj Sharma was also
diagnosed as being H1N1 positive.
17.1. It is averred that even though, Mrs. Saroj Sharma was discharged on
that very date, her health deteriorated and, on 11.03.2019 she had another
fall which led to her being admitted, once again, to the Max Hospital.
17.2. It is stated that on 11.03.2019, an emergent surgery had to be
performed on Mrs. Saroj Sharma as diagnostic tests revealed that she
suffered from large left cerebral convexity acute subdural haemorrhage with
midline shift.
17.3. Accordingly, Mrs. Saroj Sharma, as per the petitioners, was subjected
to the following procedure at the Max Hospital:
“…. Left FTP decompressive cranlectomy with evacuation of
SDH with lax duraplasty….”
17.4. It is the petitioners’ case (which is backed by the discharge-summary
issued by the Max Hospital) that when Mrs. Saroj Sharma was operated and
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 8 of 25
thereafter discharged, her medical history and/or condition was briefly
described as follows:
“DISCUSSION :
Patient was admitted with above mentioned complaints. She
was examined and evaluated in detail. CT head was done on
11.03.2019 which showed large left cerebral convexity acute
subdural hemorrhage with midline shift to right and mass effect.
There were patchy fod of chronic small vessel ischemia in
bilateral frontoparietal white matter and basal ganglia. The
condition and prognosis was discussed with the attendant in
detail and need for surgery was explained. After a written and
informed consent, she was taken up for surgery and left FTP
decompressive craniectomy with evacuation of SDH with lax
duraplasty was done under GA on 11.03.2019. She was
operated under platelet cover, tolerated the surgery well
postoperatively she was shifted to the NSICU-B for the post op
care. Bone flap was kept in the bone bank. Repeat CT head
was done on 12.03.2019 which showed cranjectomy with
postoperative changes. In comparison with previous dated
11/03/2019, the left subdural collection has been completely
evacuated. Respiratory review was taken on 12/3/19 for N1
and cap. tamiflu treatment was continued for 5 days. Patient
was shifted to isolation room in MICU. Patient had right UL
focal seizures on morning of 13/3/19 and loading dose of inj.
Levipil was given. Cardiology review was taken from Dr.
Roopa Salwan on 13/3/19 and advice was incorporated. She
had persistent focal seizures so she was given loading dose of
Inj. Phenytoin on 14/3/19. Neurology review was taken from
Dr. Rajshekar Reddi and advice was followed. Lacosamide
was also added. EEG was done on 15.03.2019 epileptiform
discharges over left hemisphere and anticonvulsants were
continued. Tamiflu was stopped after treatment, H1N1 report
came negative on 15/03/19. There was no clinically evident
seizure activity from previous evening but on EEG seizure
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 9 of 25
activity was seen. She was put on Inj. Midazolam infusion on
16/3/19. Neurology reference was taken and advice was
incorporated. Tracheal secretion culture was sent on
16.03.2019 which showed Klebslella pneumonia and
antibiotic were modified accordingly. Endocrinology
reference was taken from Dr. Sujeet Jha on 16/3/19 and
advice was incorporated for T2DM. Patient was shifted back
to ISICU on 16/3/19. MRI brain was done on 18.03.2019
which showed chronic SDH along both cerebral hemispheres,
acute infarct. In the left frontal and temporal lobe and
chronic small lacunar infarcts in the supratentorial white
matter. As compared to the previous CT dated 12th March
2019 there is reduction in the mass effect. EEG was done on
18.03.2019 showed epileptiform discharges over left
hemisphere. Patient had started Phenytoin, presently no
focal fits. Tracheal secretion culture was sent on 18.03.2019
which showed Klebslella pneumonlae and Ralstonia
mannitolilytica, paired blood culture was sterile, urine
routine showed RBC-5-7/HPF, leukocytes-3-5 and budding
yeast (3+), she was managed with IV antibiotics.
Tracheostomy was done on 19/3/19 in view of prolonged
hospital stay and ventilation requirement. Chest x-ray was
done on 19.3.2019 which showed no significant interval
change seen from x-ray dated 16.03.2019. TLC was raised
(12) on 20.3.2019. On 23.3.2019 tracheal secretion CS
showed stenotrophomonas maltophilia, urine culture
sensitivity showed enterococcus faecium and urine routine
showed RBC-high no. leukocytes-30-50/HPF, budding yeast
(2+) and antibiotic was added according to sensitivity. Chest
x-ray was done on 24.3.2019 which showed no significant
interval change seen from x-ray dated 19.03.2019. Weaning
trials were continued and she was on T-piece support for last
48 hours. Patient might be considered for BIPAP support if
tolerated, meanwhile she will continue to be weaned off.
Patient was shifted to the HDU on 28.3.2019 for further
management. Rest of the course in the hospital was
uneventful. Patient also received regular chest and limb
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 10 of 25
physiotherapy. Now patient is being discharged in condition
mentioned below with following advice.
CONDITION AT DISCHARGE
Patient is afebrile, vitals stable, GCSE4VtM4, Pupils B/L
2mm RTL, operative wound is healthy.”
17.5. GCS is an abbreviation for Glasgow Coma Scale2. It is a neurological
scale used by medical experts for assessing a person’s consciousness. The
elements of the GCS scale would show that Mrs. Saroj Sharma’s condition,
broadly, on the day of discharge was as follows:
Glasgow Coma Scale
4
Eye Opens eyes spontaneously
Verbal Confused, disoriented
Motor Flexion / Withdrawal to painful stimuli
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow_Coma_Scale* “E” would stand for Eye Response
** “V” would stand for Verbal Response
*** “M” would stand for Motor Response
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 11 of 25
18. The petitioners claim that at that time of her discharge, they had run
up a bill of nearly Rs.12 to 13 lakhs and that once she was brought home,
she was put on a life support equipment under the observation of Dr. Anish
Kumar Gupta. The petitioners aver that Mrs. Saroj Sharma was receiving
intensive care at home under the aegis of the organization going by the name
Healthcare Home. The petitioners also state that since the cost of managing
the life support machines at home was huge, they decided to buy some part
of the medical equipment.
18.1. It is in this context that the petitioners sought release of the amount in
the PPF Account so that part of the cost could be met out of the money
available therein.
19. According to the petitioners, the SBI had at first refused to entertain
their request on account of the name of their deceased father in the photo-
identity card being mentioned as “Anand Ballabh Sharma” whereas in the
death certificate, issued by the concerned municipal authority, his name was
mentioned as “A.B. Sharma”.
19.1. The petitioners in order to get over this discrepancy got the hospital,
where their father was treated, to issue a letter dated 11.05.2019 addressed to
the Sub-Registrar, Death and Birth Office, Municipal Corporation of Delhi.
Via this letter, the concerned hospital (i.e. Fortis Escorts Heart Institute,
where the petitioners’ father was treated), conveyed to the Sub-Registrar that
the petitioners’ father, who was their patient had expired on 14.01.1998 and
that his name was entered as A.B. Sharma. The letter went on to state that as
per the affidavit of petitioner no.2, her father’s full name was Anand Ballabh
Sharma.
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 12 of 25
19.2. This letter, apparently, was then, submitted by the petitioners to SBI.
20. Since, SBI did not move in the matter, despite the aforementioned
letter being furnished to it, petitioner no.2, on 03.06.2019, wrote to the
concerned Branch Manager of SBI. Via this letter, petitioner no.2 called
upon the Branch Manager of SBI to inform her as to the formalities and
documents required to be furnished to effect transfer of funds lying in the
PPF Account to the account of Mrs. Saroj Sharma.
20.1. Furthermore, a request was also made to depute an officer to visit
Mrs. Saroj Sharma to ascertain her physiological condition. With this letter,
the relevant documents which included the discharge summary, issued by
the hospital, as also the letter dated 16.05.2019 along with the photo-identity
card of their father was also appended. Besides this, petitioner no.2 also
appended her own photo-identity card.
20.2. Apparently, petitioner no.2’s entreaties had no effect and on
06.06.2019, SBI’s Assistant General manager wrote to petitioner no.2 that
she would require a “guardianship certificate”, issued by the competent court
under the Mental Health Act, 1987 (in short “1987 Act”) for enabling her to
close the PPF Account.
21. The petitioners being dissatisfied with the approach adopted by the
SBI lodged a complaint dated 13.06.2019 with the Banking Ombudsman i.e.
respondent no.3.
22. The petitioners claim that since they received no intimation
concerning disposal of their complaint, they were constrained to approach
this court by way of the instant writ petition.
Analysis and reasons
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 13 of 25
23. It is in this background that the petitioners were propelled to institute
the present writ petition. As noted hereabove, only the SBI has filed a
counter affidavit to the writ petition. A perusal of the SBI’s counter
affidavit shows that it does not dispute the fact that Mrs. Saroj Sharma is
unresponsive and that she is in comatose state. Furthermore, SBI also does
not dispute the fact that the petitioners, apart from Mrs. Saroj Sharma, are
the only Class-I legal heirs of the deceased Anand Ballabh Sharma. The
SBI, however, insists that given the state of Mrs. Saroj Sharma’s health, the
petitioners can be permitted to deal with the PPF Account only if they are
issued a guardianship certificate from a competent court.
23.1. Although, in the letter dated 06.06.2019, SBI had taken the position
that the guardianship certificate had to be obtained from the concerned
district court under the 1987 Act, in the counter affidavit, a reference has
been made to certain circulars and other statutes as well, to which I have
made a reference in paragraph 9 9.1 above.
Circulars
24. Thus, to adjudicate upon the core issue, one needs to examine the
scope of the circulars preferred to by the SBI and the statutes on which it
seeks to rely to resist the relief(s) sought for in the writ petition.
25. Firstly, the SBI has referred to its own policy circular dated
05.12.2018 and RBI’s circular dated 19.11.2007. The RBI’s circular dated
19.11.2007 seeks to advice banks, generally, which includes the SBI, to rely
upon the guardianship certificate issued either by the district court under the
1987 Act or by the Local Level Committee under the 1999 Act. It would be
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 14 of 25
relevant to note that when this circular was issued by the RBI, the 1987 Act
had not been repealed.
25.1. That being said, there is no reference in the RBI’s circular dated
19.11.2007 as to whether the 1987 Act or the 1999 Act would apply to a
person who is in comatose state.
25.2. Insofar as the SBI’s own policy circular dated 05.12.2018 is
concerned (especially the part relied upon), it deals with accounts of persons
disabled on account of autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and
multiple disabilities.
25.3. This circular, while it adverts to the requirement to obtain a
guardianship certificate from a district court under the 1987 Act or from the
Local Level Committee under the 1999 Act it confines itself to account
holders who suffer from conditions described above. It does not advert at all
to persons who are in comatose state.
Statutes
25.4. Therefore, the stand of SBI that a guardianship certificate had to be
obtained from the concerned district court under the now repealed 1987 Act
or from a Local Level Committee under the 1999 Act is, to my mind, clearly
untenable. However, as to whether other statutes relied upon by SBI would
apply would be known only after examining their scope, width and
amplitude.
26. Therefore, I will now deal with each of the statutes on which reliance
has been placed by SBI.
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 15 of 25
27. A bare perusal of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 (in short “the
1890 Act”) would show that it deals with appointment of guardians qua
minors. The 1890 Act, thus, has no applicability to persons who are major.
28. Insofar as the 1987 Act is concerned, it cannot be relied upon by the
SBI which, as noticed above, even according to the SBI, stands repealed.
This Act, once again, would have no applicability. The 1987 Act was
repealed with the enactment of the 2017 Act. The provision qua repeal is
made in Section 126 of the 2017 Act. The 1987 Act, thus, as noticed above,
can have no applicability in the instant case.
29. Insofar as the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities,
Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 (in short “PWD Act”)
is concerned, the same also stands repealed with the enactment of the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (in short “RPWD Act”). The
provision to this effect is made in Section 102 of the latter Act.
30. This, essentially, leaves one with the task of considering the scope and
ambit of three statutes i.e. the 2017 Act, the 2019 Act, and the RPWD Act.
30.1. Insofar as the RPWD Act is concerned, it was enacted with the view
to give effect to the United Nations Conventions on the rights of persons
with disabilities and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
The United Nations General Assembly adopted the aforementioned
convention on 13.12.2006. India is a signatory to this convention which was
ratified by it on 01.10.2007. The convention came into effect from
03.05.2008. Though, India enacted the PWD Act in 1995, subsequent
learning propelled India to adopt a rights based approach. Consequent
thereto, the PWD Act, as adverted to above, was repealed and RPWD Act
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 16 of 25
was enacted. While, this Act, inter alia, makes provisions for rights and
entitlements of persons with disability, persons with benchmark disability,
and persons with disability with high support needs, there appears to be no
provision in this statute concerning persons in comatose state. It is relevant
to note that Section 14 of the RPWD Act makes a provision for guardianship
with respect to persons with disability. The definition provided under
Section 2(s) of the very same Act, qua persons with disability, does not
cover a person, who is in comatose state :
“2. Definitions.-
xxx xxx xxx
(s) “person with disability” means a person with long term
physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairment which, in
interaction with barriers, hinders his full and effective
participation in society equally with others.”
30.2. Likewise, the 2017 Act which was enacted to provide for mental
healthcare and services of persons with mental illness and matters connected
and incidental thereto it does not take within its sweep a person, who is in
comatose state. Section 2(s) of the 2017 Act which defines mental illness
reads as follows:
“2. Definitions.-
xxx xxx xxx
(s) "mental illness" means a substantial disorder ofthinking, mood, perception, orientation or memory that grossly
impairs judgment, behaviour, capacity to recognise reality or
ability to meet the ordinary demands of life, mental conditions
associated with the abuse of alcohol and drugs, but does not
include mental retardation which is a condition of arrested or
incomplete development of mind of a person, specially
characterised by sub-normality of intelligence."W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 17 of 25
30.3. A bare perusal of the same shows that a person who is in comatose
state is not covered.30.4. The 1999 Act which was enacted to create a national trust for welfare
of persons afflicted with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and
multiple disability also does not appear to cover a person, who is in
comatose state. The definition of autism, cerebral palsy and mental
retardation given in Sections 2(a), 2(c) and 2(g) respectively, on a plain
reading, are suggestive of the fact that a person, who is in comatose state
cannot fall within the scope and ambit of any of the three diseases defined in
these sections.30.5. Insofar as the multiple disabilities are concerned, the said expression
has been defined in Section 2(h) of the 1999 Act. This provision reads as
follows :"2. Definitions.-
xxx xxx xxx
(h) "Multiple Disabilities" means a combination of two or
more disabilities as defined in clause (i) of section 2 of the
Person with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of
Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 (1 of 1996)."30.6. As would be evident, the definition of multiple disabilities has been
tied in with Section 2(i) of the PWD Act which, as noticed above, stands
repealed. However, for the sake of convenience, Section 2(i) of the PWD
Act is extracted hereafter :"2. Definitions.-
xxx xxx xxx
(i) "disability" means-(i) blindness;
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 18 of 25
(ii) low vision;
(iii) leprocy-cured;
(iv) hearing impairment;
(v) locomotor disability;
(vi) mental retardation;
(vii) mental illness."30.7. As is obvious, there are seven disabilities adverted to in Section 2(i)
of the PWD Act. The definition of "mental retardation" in Section 2(r) of
the PWD Act is identical to the definition of the expression "mental
retardation" given in Section 2(g) of the 1999 Act. The expression "mental
illness" has been defined in Section 2(q) of the PWD Act, which reads as
follows:"2. Definition.-
xxx xxx xxx
(q) "mental illness" means any mental disorder other than
mental retardation."30.8. A careful perusal of these definitions would show that a person who is
in comatose state is not covered.30.9. I may also indicate, as noticed hereinabove, that the medical board
constituted by the GNCTD has opined that the disease with which Mrs.
Saroj Sharma is afflicted does not fall within the ambit of either the 2017
Act or the 1999 Act.31. Having regard to the aforesaid circumstances, the stand of SBI that the
petitioners should apply for a guardianship certificate under the repealed
1987 Act or obtain the same from the Local Level Committee constituted
under the 1999 Act is unsustainable.W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 19 of 25
32. Since the petitioners have filed affidavits, as directed vide order dated
20.11.2019, which advert to the assets held by them and the undertaking to
the effect that they would utilize the assets of Mrs. Saroj Sharma, which
includes money credited to her bank account(s), in her best interest and that
they would file a report in that behalf with the Registrar General of this court
every six months, I am inclined to appoint them as guardians.33. This direction is being issued in the backdrop of the discussion above
and upon a consideration of the opinion rendered by the medical board and
the report submitted by the SDM/Tehsildar/Kanoongo, Kalkaji, Delhi.34. The report of the SDM/Tehsildar/Kanoongo adverts to the assets
owned by Mrs. Saroj Sharma. The report also alludes to the fact that the
SDM along with Tehsildar and Kanoongo had visited Mrs. Saroj Sharma at
her residence and that the petitioners are her daughters.
34.1. Besides this, the report also refers to the fact that Mrs. Saroj Sharma is
housed at the Greater Kailash property and that petitioner no.2, is presently,
staying with her.35. Before I conclude, I may indicate, as was noticed by me in the interim
order dated 20.11.2019, that certain broad guidelines have been laid down
by the Division Bench of the Kerala High Court with regard to how, such
like cases, are to be dealt with. The guidelines framed by the Division
Bench of the Kerala High Court appear to be robust and, therefore, can be
used as a framework for formulating guidelines that need to be applied in the
National Capital Territory of Delhi till such time the legislative chasm is
filled-up and a specific provision is made as to how guardians are to be
appointed qua persons in comatose state.W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 20 of 25
36. Guidelines
(i) A person(s) who seek(s) to be appointed as guardians vis-à-vis an
individual, who is lying in comatose state, shall in their petition to the court
disclose the details of all tangible and intangible assets of such an individual.
The details as to their location and approximate market value shall also be
disclosed. In case of bank accounts, stocks, shares, and debentures and other
investments are concerned, material particulars will be provided.(ii) The court will have the person lying in comatose examined by a duly
constituted medical board which would include, inter alia, a neurologist.(iii) The court will also direct the concerned SDM/Tehsildar in whose
jurisdiction the person lying in comatose is said to be located to carry out an
enquiry to establish the veracity of the assertion and to gather material
particulars concerning the person(s) who approach the court for being
appointed as guardians. The enquiry will, inter alia, gather information as
regards the relationship that the person(s) who wish to be appointed as
guardians has/have with the person lying in comatose state. Information with
regard to the financial condition of persons wanting to be appointed as
guardians shall also be collected apart from other aspects which may have a
material bearing in their discharging the duties of a guardian. Any conflict
of interest concerning the affairs of the person lying in comatose state will
be brought to fore in the report generated during the course of the enquiry.(iv) Ordinarily only that person will be appointed as guardian who is a
spouse or a progeny of the person lying in comatose. The person seeking
appointment as a guardian in his petition to the court will, however, discloseW.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 21 of 25
the particulars of all legal heirs of the person lying in comatose. In the
event, the person lying in comatose has neither a spouse nor any children or
even any legal heirs or if he/she has such persons in his life but stands
abandoned by them subject to the permission of the court his next friend
who wishes to be appointed as a guardian can approach the court with such a
request. In the alternative, the Court could direct the Department of Social
Welfare, GNCTD to appoint a public official such as a Social Welfare
Officer or a person holding equivalent rank to act as the guardian of the
person lying in comatose state.(v) Only that person shall be appointed as a guardian who is otherwise in
law competent to act as a guardian.(vi) The order directing appointment of a guardian shall specify the assets
qua which the guardianship order is passed. The court will be empowered to
modify the order and bring within its sweep other assets, if required, in the
interest of the person lying in comatose state. In case liquid funds are not
available and there is a requirement to sell the assets of the person lying in
comatose state, upon the guardian approaching the court, necessary
directions could be passed in that behalf.(vii) The person appointed as a guardian will file every six (6) months (or
within such period as the court may indicate in its order) a report with the
Registrar General of this court. The report shall advert to the transactions
undertaken by the guardian in respect of the assets of the person lying in
comatose state. Besides this, the report shall also indicate the funds, if any,W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 22 of 25
received by the guardian and their utilization for the purposes of maintaining
the person lying in comatose state.(viii) The Registrar General of this court will cause a separate register to be
maintained which will set out inter alia the details of the proceedings, the
particulars of the person appointed as a guardian and orders, if any, passed
after the appointment of the guardian. Measures will also be taken by the
Registrar General to preserve the reports filed by the guardian from time to
time.(ix) It will be open to the court to appoint a guardian either temporarily or
for a limited period, as may be deemed fit.(x) In the event, the guardian appointed by the court misuses his/her
power or misappropriates, siphons or misutilizes the assets of the person
lying in comatose state or fails to utilize the assets in the best interest of the
person lying in comatose state, the court would have the power to remove
the guardian and appoint another person in his/her place. The substituted
person could also be a public officer such as a Social Welfare Officer or an
officer holding an equivalent rank.(xi) The guardian appointed by the court shall intimate his appointment to
the public official/Social Welfare Officer or officer of an equivalent rank
designated by GNCTD. Both the guardian as well as the Registrar General
of this court will cause a copy of the order of guardianship being served
upon such officer. Such officer shall visit the person lying in comatose at
least once in every quarter. The Social Welfare Officer will generate a report
of his visit. In case the Social Welfare Officer finds that the guardian
W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 23 of 25
appointed by the court is not acting in the best interest of the person lying in
comatose state, he will move the court, at the earliest, for seeking
appropriate directions.(xii) The guardian appointed by the court will ensure that the transactions
entered into by him or her comport with the relevant provisions of the law.(xiii) In case a relative or a next friend of the person lying in comatose state
finds that the guardian is not acting in the best interest of the person lying in
comatose state, such person will also have the locus to approach the court
for issuance of appropriate directions and/or for removal of the guardian.(xiv) In case, the guardian wishes to move the person lying in comatose
state to another state or even to another country for the purposes of securing
better medical treatment for the person lying in comatose state, he/she would
approach the court for necessary permission before undertaking such an
exercise.37. Insofar as present petition is concerned, the prayer made in the same
is allowed. The petitioners are appointed as guardians qua the PPF Account
bearing No.10819169395 maintained by their deceased father Mr. Anand
Ballabh Sharma.38. Upon fulfilment of requisite formalities, SBI will transfer the amount
available in the aforementioned PPF Account along with accrued interest to
the joint account maintained by the petitioners along with Mrs. Saroj Sharma
bearing No.00271000066085 maintained with HDFC Bank, Greater
Kailash - I Branch, New Delhi.W.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 24 of 25
39. Once a request in that behalf is made, the same shall be complied with
at the earliest, though, not later than three days of the request being made.40. The Department of Social Welfare, GNCTD will ensure that public
officials/Social Welfare Officer(s) or officials of equivalent rank are
appointed for each district in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The
Department of Social Welfare, GNCTD will also ensure that an oversight
mechanism is put in place to ensure that the public official(s)/Social Welfare
Officer(s) or officer(s) of equivalent rank visits the person(s) lying in
comatose state and submit a detailed report in that behalf. The Department
of Social Welfare will have liberty to prepare a format of the report keeping
in mind the aforementioned guidelines and the purpose and object of the
exercise. The report(s) prepared shall be preserved so that, if necessary, the
court can have access to the same.41. List for compliance qua this aspect of the matter by the Department of
Social Welfare, GNCTD on 23.01.2020.42. The Department of Social Welfare, GNCTD is also given liberty to
suggest any modifications or additions to the guidelines set forth
hereinabove so as to bring the same in line with the local conditions
prevailing in the NCT of Delhi.RAJIV SHAKDHER, J
JANUARY 07, 2020
ajW.P.(C) No. 11003/2019 Page 25 of 25
